The simplified design of the room waterproof system

Underground engineering waterproof design, including the main structure and construction of two parts, the author believes that some of the current design practices, have the need to simplify.1 main structure design simplified
1.1 base plate
thick floor (i.e. beamless floor system) is the most important concept design of structural system design simplification.
From the point of view of system design, the thick soleplate and beam plate-type bottom plate ratio, although the amount of concrete is large, but the whole process of base pit excavation mechanization, do not need to be replaced by artificial or small machinery to complete the excavation of the beam
Chin
. And the beam plate bottom plate, at least to increase the beam cushion layer, masonry brick mold, mortar to find three processes, after which the flexible waterproof layer.
for the beam plate bottom plate, flexible waterproof layer on the side of the beam protection, it seems simple, it is a difficult problem. The design usually uses cement mortar, when construction, if no measures are taken, not only easy to crack, but also not easy to hang. The improved design is polymer fiber cement mortar, bonded, flexible and tough, although there is no way, but the protection effect may be better.
There is a project, only the bottom plate can be set between the waterproof layer and the protective layer of the non-woven isolation layer, along with the side of the beam, so that it is not easy to stick to the flexible waterproof layer above the mortar, not wait until the steel beam frame fell, has been cracked. This kind of structure, which is divorced from the actual, is caused by the beam plate bottom plate. Problems caused by beam plates also include brick molds. Brick mold makes the beam, plate junction of the local left many small "voids", these voids may form a local uneven subsidion, so that the waterproof layer there may have been pulled apart when pouring concrete. There seems to be no solution, so no one has heeded the problem.
the use of thick bottom plate can not only avoid the above-mentioned problems, but also simplify the process, shorten the duration, reduce the area of waterproof layer, and most importantly, the water quality assurance rate is relatively high. Especially on the thick bottom plate, large area tile wide-spread high molecular coil, less seams, less labor, less yin and yang angle, waterproof quality must be higher than the beam plate type.
addition, thickened thick soleplate, to solve the floating, but also the simplest and most effective means.
large beam plate base plate, with anchor bar anti-floating, the problem is greater than the problem solved. Following the old system, the design institute is only responsible for anti-floating calculation, and its design documents include anchor bar specification, quantity and distribution; If the anchor bar is made of a steel rope, it is implemented by a professional company. On the anchor through the bottom plate (steel rope) and its waterproof layer such a big problem, the above-mentioned families are indifferent, the total package, supervision is also rarely concerned, and eventually fell into the hands of waterproof leak-blocking companies, its limited means of governance, many are no way, whether it can be long-term effective, no one can say for sure.
1.2 Sidewall
1.2.1 Basement Facade and Column: Separately set
Basement Facade and Column separately, not only simplify design and construction, but also effectively reduce the cracking of the exterior wall. Especially when setting the post-pouring belt, because of the elimination of the wall column external wall contraction constraints, so that the rear pouring belt can play its role in reducing cracks. The separation of the wall columns provides the conditions for the design of the outer wall concrete to abandon the high strength and high marking and focus on anti-cracking. In addition, if the outer wall and column markings are different, it will not cause inconvenience to the construction. From the point of view of building graphic design, the separation of wall pillars may also improve the utilization rate of basement space.
1.2.2 Exterior wall window wells, wind channels: abandoned external hanging, take internal
basement external wall window wells, wind channel simplified design principles are: abandoned hanging, take internal.
recent years, many do not have a system to simplify the concept of design, casually in the basement facade with window wells, wind channels, I do not know that this external design is not only waterproof, but also will bring construction inconvenience. In the outer wall attached to the wind channel, the wind channel in the outer wall formed a thin wall, will cause the construction of cold seams; The change to an internal wind path and window well simplifies the basement facade and its waterproof design. Because the wind channel and window wells set in the room can be made of a variety of materials, so that it adapts to a variety of directions, not necessarily take up the effective use of space.2 Construction Design
simplifying the structural design, in this refers to the main body additional waterproof (mainly flexible external waterproof) design simplification. At present, in our country, the biggest problem of underground flexible waterproofing is rough construction. The most serious in rough construction is puncture damage, the consequences of which are leakage, water, so that the overall waterproof failure. Therefore, the solution, mainly from the puncture-resistant, anti-tampering water to start.
2.1 Pre-paved anti-stick
reaction-type pre-paved anti-stick rubber asphalt coil is thicker, reaction-type pre-paved anti-stick polymer film film film film film, although not thick, but its substrate PE material tough, so resistant to punctures, the same can be more effective to withstand some brutal construction. Some experts have doubts about whether the pre-paved anti-adhesive coil and concrete "react", but from the sample, the bonding between the coil and concrete is indeed unusual, not only the bonding strength is large, but also good sealing, can effectively prevent water-spouting. Pre-paved anti-stick requires a brick exterior mold, which is not a disadvantage. Especially in cities, the use of brick molds can not only reduce the size of the pit plane, but also for effective protection. When the foundation pit adopts the wall pile support, it should also actively consider the pile mold-in-one in the design, and contribute to the higher efficiency of the pre-paved anti-adhesive method. If the basement substrate adopts the thick flat base plate in the beamless system, it can add another point to the advantage of the simple construction of the pre-paved anti-stick system. Such a design of the basement substrate, the construction level is only three (top-down): reinforced concrete self-waterproof thick flat substrate, reaction-type pre-paved anti-stick waterproof coil, concrete mat. Sidewalls are simpler, with only two levels (from the inside out): reinforced concrete from the waterproof sidewall, reaction-type pre-paved anti-stick waterproof coils.
design is simple, the construction is simpler, only the coil nails on the bottom plate, wall (brick mold) can be. Wall pile blocking bricks, hanging nets, spray and other structures when the treatment is the same, but requires thicker, more flat.
2.2 bento-
carpet design to choose bento-earth blanket products, should grasp the concept is "closed." The key is that in a closed environment, there should be no flowing water, changes in acidity and alkalinity and other harmful ions during its full life. The bento blanket is self-significant and should be used for low sidewalls, and when used for high sidewalls, it is recommended to lay them layered and constructed separately. When using the soleplate, a thick flat base plate should be designed. In order to ensure the closed effect, it is suggested to have a two-way spot welding rebar mesh sheet in the mat layer to prevent cracking effect. Side external wall and the bottom plate junction pay attention to waterproof connection seal, generally using matching bento products. All parts do not need to be set up to find the strat layer, design, construction, supervision and other work is very concise.
2.3 Other waterproof constructions
1) polyurethane coatings: do not need to be flattened, but need to be protected.
2) modified asphalt self-adhesive coil: do not need to find flat, but should be coated with permeable epoxy, especially the side wall.
3) Wet curing modified asphalt coils: when used in the base plate, it is advisable to design cement mortar to find flat or add JS paint; Both need protection.
4) Cement-based osmotic crystalline waterproofing agent: for the soleplate, when pouring concrete dry sprinkling, for the top plate, when the initial coagulation pressure dry sprinkling, for the side wall, the use of brushing method, need to be maintained. 3 node design simplification
3.1 construction seam
construction seam simplification, first of all to establish a concept: the quality of the construction seam, mainly depends on the quality of the construction seam cleaning, must be removed from the debris dust removal; Construction seams, whether horizontal or vertical, are set up to stop the water, whether steel plate, rubber, steel-side rubber, or covered with self-paste surface, are outdated. In addition, the horizontal use of water stopper belt, there is a bubble problem. The solution, as shown in Figure 1, is to sew horizontally into a slope and to insert a permeable crystalline waterproofing agent into the paving mortar, and that's all. The slope maximizes the convenience of cleaning, and the penetration crystalline waterproofing agent is designed without adding process.
vertical seam, it is recommended to spray with small machinery with a permeable crystalline waterproofing agent mortar, and then pour concrete. After enough time, the infiltration crystalline waterproofing agent can make the concrete on both sides of the seam grow into one. Waterproof requirements of higher construction seams, can be added non-stereotyped water expansion glue, such as SM glue, with a long mouth glue gun.
Construction seams
3.2 after pouring belt
after pouring belt in the system design, you can take the following simplified measures: First, the collection well is set near the rear pouring belt to help drain mud water; There are two points to simplifying the construction of the rear pouring belt itself. First, its section is designed as a single slope, easy to clean, and second, before pouring, the seam is coated with cement-based osmosis crystalline waterproofing agent, if necessary, the first addition of water expansion glue (SM glue), with a long mouth glue gun (Figure 2).
pouring belt
3.3 through the wall pipe
because the concrete life is much higher than the pipe, therefore, the wall pipe should be with a casing. Waterproofing includes waterproofing of the casing and waterproofing between the pipe and the casing.
3.3.1 casing waterproof
traditional casing waterproof with water-stopping ring. To simplify the design, the water stop ring is moved from the center to the surface of the water, full welding, wing width 100 to 200 mm, the outer inner circle, forming a side plate. When the casing is in place, it can be nailed directly to the template. The main responsibility of the side disc is to connect with the waterproof layer of the side wall, while the outer inner circle prevents the pipe from turning during loading and unloading, independent of extending the seepage route (Figure 3). If necessary, water expansion adhesive may be added to its roots.
casing waterproof installation
3.3.2 pipe and casing between the waterproof
pipe and casing, since to consider repair and replacement, rigid installation is not as flexible installation. When removed due to rigid installation, the asbestos cement it fills may be removed more labor difficultly. A traditional flexible installation known as "reserved hole filling" (Figure 4) is at least 50 years old. Limited by the material at that time, only rubber pressure rings are available. It is now possible to use butyl foam rubber (the outer skin of the submarine cable) and its accompanying special water-resistant adhesive, which can not only greatly simplify the node, but also truly form a sealed outer waterproofing (Figure 3).
limited to space, the most complex nodes in the ——— the simplified design of the deformation seams, the content of the essay detailed.