The Synthetic Routes of Isoquinoline-3-carboxaMide

Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide is an important organic compound with a wide range of applications in the chemical industry.
This compound is used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
The synthetic routes for isoquinoline-3-carboxamide can be broadly classified into two categories: direct synthesis and indirect synthesis.

Direct Synthesis

The direct synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involves the reaction of an appropriate starting material with a nitrile, an amide, or an isocyanate in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
One of the most commonly used methods for the synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide is the reaction of an isonitrile with an amide in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
The reaction proceeds through a free-radical mechanism and can be illustrated as follows:

Isonitrile + Amide → Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide + N2

Another method for the synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involves the reaction of an isocyanate with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
The reaction proceeds through a condensation reaction and can be illustrated as follows:

Isocyanate + Amine → Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide + H2O

Indirect Synthesis

The indirect synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involves the synthesis of a precursor compound, which is then converted into isoquinoline-3-carboxamide through a series of chemical reactions.
One of the most commonly used methods for the indirect synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide is the synthesis of the precursor compound, 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline.
The synthesis of 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline can be achieved through the reaction of an isonitrile with a primary amine in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
The reaction proceeds through a condensation reaction and can be illustrated as follows:

Isonitrile + Amine → 3-Aminomethyl isoquinoline + H2O

Once the precursor compound, 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline, is synthesized, it can be converted into isoquinoline-3-carboxamide through a series of chemical reactions.
The conversion of 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline into isoquinoline-3-carboxamide can be achieved through the reaction of the precursor with a nitrile, an amide, or an isocyanate in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
The reaction proceeds through a free-radical mechanism and can be illustrated as follows:

3-Aminomethyl isoquinoline + Nitrile → Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide + N2

3-Aminomethyl isoquinoline + Amide → Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide + N2

3-Aminomethyl isoquinoline + Isocyanate → Isoquinoline-3-carboxamide + H2O

Overview

The synthetic routes for isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involve the reaction of appropriate starting materials with nitriles, amides, or isocyanates in the presence of strong acid catalysts.
The direct synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involves the reaction of an isonitrile or an isocyanate with an amide or a primary or secondary amine, respectively.
The indirect synthesis of isoquinoline-3-carboxamide involves the synthesis of a precursor compound, 3-aminomethyl isoquinoline, which is then converted into isoquinoline-3-carboxamide through a series of chemical reactions