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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > The team of Chen Gongyou of Shanghai Society opened up a new way of wide-spectrum disease-resistant breeding of rice

    The team of Chen Gongyou of Shanghai Society opened up a new way of wide-spectrum disease-resistant breeding of rice

    • Last Update: 2021-03-01
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Chen Gongyou (right) looked at the condition of white leaf disease in the fieldBroad-spectrum long-lasting disease-resistant rice new line and control rice
    Shanghai Jiaotong University professor
    rice white leaf disease is one of the three major rice diseases, is the number one bacterial "killer" endangering rice production. The disease is widespread in rice-growing areas in dozens of countries in Asia, Latin America and West Africa, and is currently distributed in rice-growing areas in all provinces and cities except Xinjiang and the northern part of the Northeast. Rice white leaf disease usually leads to a reduction of 10% to 20% of rice production, serious areas can reach more than 50%, or even no harvest. At the same time, rice white leaf disease is also one of the most important model systems in the field of plant pathology and plant immunology.the occurrence of plant diseases, that is, pathogens and plants both invested a large number of "forces" to conduct a smoke-free war. In order to resist the invasion of pathogens, plants through, waxy and other biochemical substances to build a series of solid physical and chemical fortress. Pathogens use the military method of "Mingshon Road, Dark Crossing Chencang" to "attack" these "fortresses", on the one hand, by synthesized extracellological degradation enzymes, toxins and other substances "Mingshon Road", from the outside layer to disintegrate these "fortresses", on the other hand, By assembling a variety of devices known as secretion systems, "dark ferry Chencang", a large number of effect protein "spy" directly secreted to the plant body "fortress" inside, these "spy" in the plant body extensive destruction, and finally make the "fortress" from the inside was "broken", plant disease. The most important type of effect protein "spy" sent by rice white leaf disease bacteria is the transcriptional activation factor effect protein (TALE protein) secreted by type III secretion system, of which only a few have obvious toxic effects, called the main effect TALE protein.
    Chen Gongyou team over the years from the country's rice-producing areas of the diseased field collection isolated to hundreds of white leaf disease pathogen strains, in different rice varieties to determine the toxicity of these strains, and molecular marker analysis, found that these Chinese strains have rich genetic diversity and toxicity differences. Through genomics and molecular biology tools, dozens of THALE protein-coded genes were isolated from several highly toxic strains and toxicity were determined separately, resulting in the discovery of a new class of main THALE protein "spy" called PthXo2-like, and the discovery of five types of these proteins in different strains.TaLE protein "spy" secreted by rice white leaf disease bacteria into plant cells, can evade the detection of the plant immune system, disguised as the rice's own transcription activation factor, and "hidden" in rice cells in a class of disease-sensing gene "connector people" to "contact", "connector code" is a set of code between the two specific amino acid sequence and DNA sequence. Once "on the dark", the TALE protein can identify and bind to the corresponding region of the disease gene promoter, activating the expression of the sensory gene, from the inside to "break through" the plant's defenses.
    researchers, based on a comparative analysis of the newly discovered "spy" protein sequence, initially determined that the rice disease-sensing gene OsSWEET13 is suspected of being a "connector person". Then after repeated verification of different molecular biology experiments, it was finally determined that the gene is the target gene "connector man" of this kind of "spy". At the same time, an analysis of 3,000 rice species resource genomes found that there were ten different types of the gene in the promoter identification region. Thus, it is proved that there is a co-evolutionary relationship between the effect protein "spy" of pathogens and the "connector man" of rice disease-sensing gene.Chen Gongyou team based on the relationship between the rice disease-sensing gene "connector man" OsSWEET and the pathogenic bacteria TALE protein "spy", using the emerging gene editing technology as a research weapon to interfere with the "spy" and "connector man" The identification of "connector code", thus blocking the destruction activities of multiple bacteria TALE protein "spy" at the same time, finally obtained a new variety of rice with broad-spectrum anti-white leaf disease, and proposed a new way to block plant pathogenicity and obtain broad-spectrum disease resistance breeding.
    Professor Dou Daolong of Nanjing Agricultural University commented: "This study theoretically illustrates that broad-spectrum disease resistance of crops can be achieved by editing multiple disease-sensing genes without using disease-resistant genes, providing new materials and programs for the prevention and treatment of white leaf disease in rice, and providing successful cases for crop disease-resistant breeding and resistance loss management, which is of great theoretical and practical significance."
    it is understood that Chen Gongyou's team is currently applying the technology to the improvement of good hybrid rice parents, and is expected to breed stable genetic varieties within one or two years, which will greatly shorten the breeding age of hybrid rice. Soon, with the promotion and application of these high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties in production, the use of pesticides will be sharply reduced, the economic and human costs of rice production by farmers will be greatly reduced, and people will also eat more high-quality and safe rice at the table.
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