The team of Fan Xiaoyong of MedComm Fudan University published an article: A review of the yin-yang balance of trained immunity and its application prospects

The classical immune system can be divided into two categories

A team of researchers fan Xiaoyong of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University published a review entitled Trained immunity: A Yin‐Yang balance in MedComm issued by Wiley, which systematically summarized the discovery process, research model, induction process and regulatory mechanism of training immunity, and proposed for the first time that the impact of training immunity on human health is in line with the ancient Chinese philosophical idea "Yin and Yang Theory"

The concept of trained immunity can be codified as follows: innate immune cells, after being subjected to exogenous or endogenous stimulation, can induce long-acting functional reprogramming, and after the cells return to rest, they still have the ability to respond to secondary homologous or even heterologous ^{infections [2].}

Figure 1.

In myeloid cells, there are restriction nuclease recognition sites in the coding sites of inflammatory factor-related genes to maintain the homeostasis of inflammatory factor secretion, and when episcopal regulation such as nucleosome histone acetylation occurs, these inflammation-related genes are rapidly activated, releasing a large number of inflammatory factors

Figure 2.

From an evolutionary perspective, training immunity is a protective mechanism

Figure 3.
The Yin‐Yang balance of trained immunity.

In summary, the proposal of training immunity further breaks down the barrier between innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and its "yin and yang" bifacial nature suggests that we can improve vaccine protection or treat autoimmune diseases
by optimizing training immunity.

Therefore, at the end of the article, the author further discusses the novel immunotherapy strategy based on training immunity, its future research directions and its application prospects
.

References

[1].
Hu Z, Lu S-H, Lowrie-DB, Fan X-Y.
Trained immunity: A Yin-Yang balance.
MedComm.
2022; 3:e121.
https://doi.
org/10.
1002/mco2.
121

[2].
Netea MG, Dominguez-Andres J, Barreiro LB, et al.
Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease.
Nat Rev Immunol.
2020; 20(6): 375-88.

About the Author of the Newsletter

Fan Xiaoyong, Ph.
D.
, Researcher, Research Team Leader, Doctoral Supervisor, Chief of National Major Special Projects, Vice President and Director of Biobank of Translational Medicine Research Institute of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Public Health, Executive Deputy Director of Tuberculosis Research Center of Shanghai Institute of Emerging and Reproducible Infectious Diseases, PI of Tuberculosis Infection Immunology and Translational Medicine Research Group; Vice Chairman of the Basic Research Committee of the Tuberculosis Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Special Editor of Frontiers in Microbiology and Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Outstanding Academic Leader of Shanghai (2019
).

He has been engaged in scientific research and teaching of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases for a long time, and has applied for more than 10 invention patents and authorized 5 patents, including 1 international PCT patent, of which the new vaccine for tuberculosis of the recombinant Sendai virus vector has been transformed; Published more than fifty PAPERS in SCI as a newsletter or first author, including Mol.
Ther.
、PNAS、J.
Infect.
Dis.
、Lancet Infect.
Dis.
and other internationally renowned journals
.

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