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Species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance mechanism have always been the core topics of ecological research, and they are also the key to
maintaining ecosystem stability and determining biodiversity priority conservation.
Known as the "last frontier of biology", the canopy contains 40%~50% of the world's terrestrial biodiversity, and it is one of
the most species-rich but least known habitats in the biosphere.
Canopy epiphyte communities may provide new theories and evidence
for the coexistence mechanism of species due to their high diversity and unique survival strategies.
The host trees in the forest are independent of each other, similar in function to "Habitat Island", each host tree forms a relatively independent epiphyte community, and the epiphyte communities on different host individuals are combined to form community sets, and the epiphyte communities provide an ideal model system
for the study of biodiversity patterns and coexistence mechanisms 。 However, due to the lack of effective technical means to enter the canopy, the current research on epiphytic communities is mostly limited to the trunk area or a few host trees close to the forest floor, which seriously underestimates the diversity of epiphytes, and lacks systematic observation and simulation of host characteristics and three-dimensional spatial microclimate of the canopy, which restricts our comprehensive understanding of
the coexistence mechanism of epiphyte species.
To this end, researchers and collaborators of the Restoration Ecology Research Group of Banna Botanical Garden made full use of the canopy tower crane platform built in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna in 2014 Twelve tree hosts were selected from the 1.
44 hectares of tropical rainforest plot, and the canopy microclimate was placed at 5 vertical heights in turn The automatic monitoring equipment was monitored for 3 years and simulated the lighting in the three-dimensional space of the tropical rainforest for the first time through random forest modeling Distribution pattern of temperature and humidity (Figure 1).
At the same time, the researchers investigated the epiphytic moss communities of different vertical heights on 42 sky-looking trees, and applied the generalized dissimilarity model to further analyze the epiphytic community species turnover, Interrelationships
between phylogenetic turnover and host characteristics and microclimates.
The results showed that the species turnover of epiphytic bryophytes in the vertical direction was significantly higher than that in the horizontal direction, and the species nesting was significantly lower than that of the latter (Fig.
2).
The microclimatic conditions of the vertical gradient are the main driving forces for the community composition and phylogenetic structure of epiphytic lichens (Figure 3).
With the increase of vertical height difference, the construction mechanism of epiphytic bryophyte community changed from weak competition to phylogenetic conservatism (Fig.
4).
This work enriches the three-dimensional spatial microclimate study of forests, reveals the conservatism of the microclimate niche of tropical epiphytic moss communities, and indicates that global climate change may pose a threat to the survival of epiphytes
。
Microclimatic variation in tropical canopies: A glimpse into the processes of community assembly in epiphytic bryophyte communities Shen Ting, a 2018 master's graduate of Banna Botanical Garden, is the first author of the paper (funded by the China Scholarship Fund and currently at the University of Liège, Belgium Alain Vanderpoorten's research group is pursuing a Ph.
D.
), researcher Song Liang, head of the restoration ecology research group, and Shen Ting are co-corresponding authors
.
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China Scholarship Fund, the Forest Canopy Monitoring Project of the Platform of the Biodiversity Network Banna Botanical Garden, the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
。 We sincerely thank the Xishuangbanna Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in Yunnan for its support
for field work and sample site background data.
Fig.
1 Microclimate pattern of three-dimensional space of tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna
Fig.
2 Comparison of β diversity (turnover and nesting) of epiphytic bryophytes in the tropical seasonal rainforest of Xishuangbanna
Fig.
3 Interpretation rate of different environmental variables on the turnover pattern of vertical gradient epiphytic lichen community
Fig.
4 Phylogenetic turnover rate of epiphytic lichens with vertical height difference
