The world's first plum-whole genome variation map was completed.

On April 27th, the National Floral Engineering Technology Research Center, led by Professor Zhang Qixiang of Beijing Forestry University, completed the first plum genome-wide resequencing study in collaboration with Qingdao Huada Genetic Research Institute, Shenzhen Huada Institute of Life Sciences and Pennsylvania State University, and completed the world's first plum-whole genome variation map. The completion of
plum genome-wide resequencing will provide an important theoretical framework for the study of molecular marker-assisted breeding, and will also provide an important platform for the genetic selection and variety improvement of its important ornamental traits such as color, flower type and plant type, and will play a landmark role in the genetic analysis of the important ornamental traits of plum blossoms.
plum (Prunus mume), the rose-to-be plant, China is the world's important origin and cultivation center of plum, in China has more than 3000 years of cultivation history, well loved by the Chinese people, ranking first of China's top ten flowers, has the title of flower.
its biological properties are most valuable in terms of early flowering, which can bloom in late winter and early spring.
as an important ornamental plant, plum flowers colorful, rich flowers, flower-type beauty, and pine, bamboo and called "year-old cold three friends", and was given "unyielding", "elegant and vulgar" and other spiritual characteristics and cultural representations, has always been respected by literati ink, leaving behind a lot of plum poetry.
in addition, plum sandal sand and fruit plum, plum can also be processed into a variety of products, very nutritional value.
In view of the long-term artificial domestication and natural pollination of plum cultivation varieties, its genetic background is extremely complex, in order to reveal the evolutionary history of plum and plum genus, carry out the molecular marker auxiliary breeding work of plum stakes, reveal the genetic mechanism of the important ornamental characteristics of plum, the project selected 333 plum varieties, 15 wild plums and plum species near-edge species apricots, peaches and Li carried out whole genome resequencing research, using illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform, with an average sequencing depth of 19.3X, excavated 5.34 million SNP markers (single nucleotide polymorphic markers), and greatly promoted the smooth development of plum population genetic analysis, whole genome association analysis and the general study of li's genome.
based on the excavation of the SNP marker, with the plum's near-species mountain apricots, peaches and plums as the outer groups, built a plum species of the systematic development tree (Figure 1), a total of 16 subgroups (P1-P16), from which 7 plum species and 1 wild plum species, with the plum edge of the near-species of mountain peaches, apricots, plums for deep sequencing and genomic assembly, combined with the published peach and plum genome sage.
by assembling the sequence sequence, Contig N50 averaged 15.5Kb, N50 averaged 22.6Kb, the assembly sequence was annotated, with 22,499 core genes in the plum, and 19,135 core genes in the Li genus.
there are 3364 unique genes in the plum genome, mainly in the flavonoids, phenypropane compounds, phenylamphetamine acid and other metabolic pathways, and plum flower color, flower fragrance and other important ornamental characteristics form.
In order to carry out the work of molecular marker auxiliary breeding of plum blossoms, based on the excavated SNP markers, 24 important ornamental characteristics of 333 plum varieties were analyzed, and 5 significant candidate gene regions were identified on the 4 chromosomes of plum blossoms, and 10 personality traits were correlated with flower color, flower color, flower petal number, flower diameter, wood color and strain type.
in order to detect differences in the expression level of these candidate genes, the plum varieties 'Uyuyu' and 'mi monogreen' were transcribed, with 3,277 significant differences in the expression of genes.
, by analyzing the transcription group data, between 229Kb and 5.57Mb of chromosome 4, 76 SNPs markers were excavated associated with petals, flower buds, buds and column head colors (Figure 2).
on chromosome 4, the candidate gene MYB108, which encodes the R2R3 MYB transcription factor, was excavated and analyzed through transcription group data, which was expressed only in 'Uyu yu' (petals are red) and not in 'mita green' (petals are white).
used the String database to build a regulatory network that affected the expression of myB108 gene, and found that E2F1 was involved in the regulation of MYB108 gene expression.
the study also found that there was a significant SNP marker in the three promoter regions upstream of the MYB108 gene, which affected the expression of the gene.
in short, the MYB108 gene plays a vital role in controlling the color of plum petals, laying the foundation for revealing the molecular genetic mechanism of plum flowers.
by constructing a plum genetic map, positioning the candidate genes for controlling the dorsem character in the 1.15Mb region of chromosome 7, combined with the whole genome association analysis of plum species, and excavating 13 candidate genes related to lignin synthesis, such as bHLH157 and CYP78A9, which control the prosthesis traits, are excavated, and the basis is laid for the study of molecular genetics of pendative traits. Professor Zhang Qixiang, chief expert of the "Genetic Structure of the Nature of the Plum Flower Department" project
, has long been engaged in the research of the seed resources and genetic breeding of traditional Chinese famous flowers such as plum blossoms, is the director of the National Flower Engineering Technology Research Center, the director of the National Flower Industry Technology Innovation Strategy Alliance, the executive committee of the International Horticultural Society (ISHS), the chairman of the Working Group on Ornamental Plant Genetic Resources, the international authoritative expert of plum varieties, and the international horticultural producers Vice President of the Association (AIPH), Vice President of the Chinese Horticultural Society, Director of the Professional Committee of Ornamental Horticulture, President of the Plum Wax Plum Branch of the Chinese Flower Association, Expert on the subject of plant molecular design and variety creation technology in the "12th Five-Year Plan" 863 Modern Agricultural Technology Field, Chief Scientist of the Project, Director of Beijing Key Laboratory for Floral Seed Quality Innovation and Molecular Breeding, director of the Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment. Professor Zhang Qixiang,
, pointed out that "the successful completion of the whole genome of plum blossom steam is another important breakthrough after the study of the whole genome of plum blossoms, will contribute to the development of molecular marker-assisted breeding work of important ornamental traits such as plum strains, flowers and flower types, will help to analyze the genetic mechanism of many important functional genes, lay the foundation for molecular breeding of plum strains and related species;
" project host of the National Flower Engineering and Technology Research Center was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2005, relying on the unit Beijing Forestry University, long-term engaged in the evaluation of flower seed resources, new varieties cultivation, efficient reproduction, standardized production, human settlements environment application direction of engineering and development work, the establishment of Beijing flower research and development innovation demonstration base, Beijing key laboratory, national flower seed product sized resources, the State Forestry Administration, such as the national flower product quality inspection and other research and development platform, led the formation of national flower industry technology innovation.
presided over the completion of the "11th Five-Year Plan" National Science and Technology Support Plan Key Projects "Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Safe and Efficient Production of Horticultural Crops", "12th Five-Year Plan" "Forest Fruit sandmolecular Breeding and Variety Creation" projects, as well as the National Natural Science Foundation Key Projects, Science and Technology Support Plan, 863 Plan, National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Special, Beijing Natural Fund and other national and provincial-level topics 1 More than 000, cultivate and obtain the United States, the European Union plant varieties patents and the national plant varieties protection rights more than 120 items, by the national invention patent more than 110, published more than 200 SCI papers, won the second prize of national scientific and technological progress 4 (all the first completion unit), the Ministry of Science and Technology Award more than 20, for the national flower industry development and technological progress to make an important contribution.
2012, led the completion of the plum whole genomics study, the paper published in Nature Communications with a highlight article. Another major participant in the
project, Qingdao Huada Genetic Research Institute, collaborated with Beijing Forestry University on the first plum genome mapping project.
team has long been engaged in multi-group and bioinformatics-related research, landing in Qingdao for a year, has been in Nature, Science and other high-level magazines published 18 articles.
Qingdao Huada, relying on Shenzhen Huada Institute of Life Science and Shenzhen National Gene Bank, has built a leading marine gene bank platform and cross-group research center, becoming the core of Huada Gene's research in northern China.
Source: Bright.com.