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What is the case of infertility
If a woman has had sex without contraception for at least 12 months and is not pregnant, it is called infertility, and in men it is called infertility
.
Note: No contraception refers to couples of childbearing age, without taking any contraceptive measures, such as condoms, short-acting contraceptives, in vitro sperm discharge, etc.
, the time must be more than one year, if you have not conceived a baby, clinically to diagnose infertility
.
At present, the incidence of infertility in China is 7%-10%.
How infertility is caused
The female factor
Pelvic factors
About 35%
of infertility.
Common are tubal abnormalities, chronic salpingitis, pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease, etc
.
Lesions of the endometrium, such as endometritis, endometrial adhesions, endometrial polyps, etc
.
There are also genital tumors and abnormal development of the genital tract, which can cause infertility or miscarriage
.
Ovulation disorders
It accounts for about 25% to 35%
of infertility.
Common causes are persistent anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, ovarian insufficiency, congenital gonadal dysplasia, hyperprolactinemia, and flavogenic follicle non-rupture syndrome
.
Immune factors
About 10% of infertility, immune infertility is often caused
by reproductive system infections and autoimmune dysfunction.
The male factor
Common semen abnormalities such as azoospermia, weak sperm, oligospermia, and malformation
.
Abnormal sexual function, manifested as dysplasia of the external genitalia, erectile dysfunction, non-ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, etc
.
Immune factors can cause sperm and seminal plasma to produce anti-sperm antibodies in the body, which is not conducive to sperm crossing cervical mucus, and then infertility
.
Unexplained infertility
It is a factor that cannot be determined using current detection methods, and may be present in both men and women, accounting for about 10% to 20%
of infertility.
It is a manifestation of
low fertility.
What to check for infertility
The woman examines
After inquiring about menstrual and reproductive history, family history, and genetic history, the doctor will give the patient a detailed physical examination and gynecological examination to understand the growth and development of female sexual organs, whether there is inflammation and whether there are abnormal masses in the reproductive system
.
Next, infertility-related examinations are performed, including: basal body temperature measurement, ultrasound follicle monitoring, sex hormone test, serum insulin test, thyroid function test, fallopian tube examination, immune factor related examination, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, etc
.
Male examination
Routine physical examination to understand genital development and sexual dysfunction, semen related examinations
.
How to treat female infertility
Treatment of the cause is key
to treating infertility.
Tubal factors
It can be treated
conservatively with fluid ventilation or with tuboplasty surgery.
Ovulation disorders
Ovulation induction drugs by mouth or intramuscularly to induce the secretion of endogenous gonadotropins in the hope of obtaining mature follicles
.
Common drugs are clomiphene, urogonadotropin and so on
.
Uterine factors
Uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, etc.
can be treated
with hysteroscopic surgery.
Ovarian tumors
Comprehensive examination, clear pathological classification and diagnosis as soon as possible, if surgery is required and fertility requirements are required, fully demonstrate and evaluate before surgery, and take measures
to preserve fertility reserves in advance.
Immune factors
Find relevant factors and treat
them symptomatically.
Unexplained infertility
The cause is unknown, and expectant management is used, or artificial insemination can be used
.
Assisted reproductive technology
Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer
.