Three hand smoke can alter nearly 400 gene expression within 3 hours.

In recent years, the harm of "three hand smoke" has gradually been understood by more and more people, but it has not been extensively studied yetA study led by scientists at University of California (Riverside) has added important new evidence to thisThis randomized trial for the first time shows the direct effect of three hand smoke on human gene expression, which was published online at JAMA Network Open on of< br / > screenshot source: JAMA network open < br / > after smokers smoke, harmful substances in the smoke will remain on the clothes, hair, furniture, car surface, and these residual harmful substances will continue to spread around, re-enter the air, and be inhaled by non-smokersThis is commonly referred to as "three hand smoke"< br / > the small trial involved 26 healthy individuals who did not smoke and who were not exposed to second-hand smoke in their daily livesThey were randomly divided into groupsOnly the head was exposed to air containing three hand smoke or filtered clean airEach exposure in the test air for 3 hours, the interval between different exposure measures was at least 21 daysAmong them, 13 subjects were collected nasal epithelial cell samples before and after each test air exposureAfter testing, the cell RNA concentration of 4 healthy women was higher, which was used for subsequent gene expression analysis< br / > data showed that when exposed to clean air, the expression of only two genes changedWhen exposed to three hand smoke, 389 genes related to cell stress and survival pathway were expressed differently, 382 were overexpressed, and 7 were deficient in expressionMany of the affected genes are related to the increase of mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress, DNA repair, cell survival and cell death inhibitionAmong them, mitochondria act as the "energy factory" of cells, and the observed effect may lead to cell death without interventionthis means that for healthy non-smokers, acute exposure to three hand smoke can cause stress on the nasal epithelial cells, triggering cell survival, and thereby damaging the function of these cellsThe researchers point out that these findings are related to cells deeper in the respiratory tract because of the similarity in gene expression between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells 3 author Giovanna Pozuelos explains: "inhalation of three hours of cigarette smoke significantly altered the gene expression of nasal epithelial cells Changes in pathways associated with oxidative stress may damage DNA, and its potential long-term effects include cancer Of course, 3 hours of acute exposure is not likely to cause disease directly, but if people live in a three hand smoke environment for a long time, they may have an impact on health research leader, Prue Talbot, Professor of molecular, cell and systems biology at University of California at Riverside, said: "previous studies on cell and animal research have focused on the health effects of three hand tobacco, but this is the first study to show that three hand smoke has a direct impact on human gene expression." this study focuses on the nasal passages of three hand smoke into human body Another common way of exposure is skin According to the research team, the future will be further explored At present, the research team has begun to study the long-term three hand smoke exposure and the impact of three hand smoking families on people's health < br / > according to a report released last year by the American Cancer Society, tobacco has been a major cause of cancer, cardiovascular disease and non communicable diseases worldwide Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain more than 8000 compounds, more than 70 of which have been identified by the international agency for cancer research as carcinogens for humans and / or animals Smoking can cause a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and so on < br / > the significance of smoking cessation and control for public health is self-evident In addition to active smoking, the harm of secondhand smoke and three hand smoke should not be underestimated As professor Talbot reminds, "many people are not aware of the influence of three hand smoke For example, some smokers think that smoking outside will not do harm to their families It is hoped that our research will make people understand that three hand smoke does exist and may be harmful to health < br / > reference materials < br / > [1] Giovanna L pozuelos, et al., (2019) Experimental experiment exposure to thirdhand smoke and changes in the human nasal epitheial transcriptome JAMA network open, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6362 < br / > [2] scientists find thirdhand smoke effects cells in humans Retrieved only 1, 2019, from