Three studies teach you to use food to drive away diabetes, metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer!

*Only for medical professionals to read and refer to Weekly News No.
234, three studies teach you how to eat! This week’s summary is to increase dietary fiber intake, reduce the risk of new diabetes by 30%, eat less fructose and exercise more, and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome by 33%.
Choose an anti-diabetic diet and reduce the risk of future pancreatic cancer by 38%.
1 Increase dietary fiber intake and reduce 30% % Risk of new-onset diabetes In the past few decades, dietary factors have been shown to play an important role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
.

Among these dietary factors, dietary fiber has attracted much attention in blood glucose control in patients with T2DM
.

However, in the Chinese population, there is little epidemiological evidence of dietary fiber on newly diagnosed T2DM
.

Therefore, a study recently published in Nutr J analyzed the relationship between dietary fiber intake and newly diagnosed T2DM in Chinese middle-aged population
.

 Figure 1.
1 Study published in Nutr J.
This study from Zhejiang Hospital used data from the Hangzhou Nutrition and Health Survey to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases
.

A total of 3250 participants were included in the study, of which 48.
5% were men, and 182 (5.
6%) were newly diagnosed with T2DM
.

The average age of these patients was 47.
2 years, and the average age of non-diabetic participants was 52.
1 years
.

 The 1/4 population with the lowest dietary fiber intake consumes about 2.
1-9.
8 grams per day, while the 1/4 population with the highest intake can exceed 55.
7 grams
.

The results of the study showed that in all participants, regardless of whether they had type 2 diabetes, total dietary fiber was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P <0.
05)
.

Compared with the quarter of the population with the lowest dietary fiber intake, the quarter of the population with the highest intake tended to be older, more women, and never smoked (P <0.
05)
.

 Among the 1/4 population with the lowest dietary fiber intake, the prevalence of T2DM was 7.
3%, while the prevalence rate of the 1/4 population with the highest intake was 3.
9%
.

The analysis showed that compared with the 1/4 participants with the least dietary fiber intake, the 1/4 participants with the highest dietary fiber intake had a 30% lower risk of being newly diagnosed with T2DM (OR 0.
70, 95% Cl 0.
49- 1.
00; P <0.
05)
.

 In the past few decades, Chinese people’s eating habits have changed significantly, and more and more Chinese people tend to choose Western diets, resulting in an increase in the intake of red meat and processed meat, and a decrease in dietary fiber intake
.

The Chinese dietary guidelines recommend that the daily dietary fiber intake is 25 grams, but the average daily dietary fiber intake of the participants in the study is only 11.
7 grams, which is less than half of the recommended intake
.

 This study shows that higher dietary fiber intake can reduce the risk of T2DM
.

These findings support the current dietary recommendations to increase the intake of dietary fiber as the main preventive measure for T2DM
.

 Researchers believe that increasing fiber intake may be an effective way to improve blood sugar control in newly diagnosed T2DM patients
.
It is still necessary to eat more grains, vegetables, and fruits .

In addition, large-scale prospective studies are needed to further confirm this conclusion
.

 REF: [1] Jin F, Zhang J, Shu L, Han W.
Association of dietary fiber intake with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese population.
Nutr J.
2021 Sep 27;20(1):81 .
doi: 10.
1186/s12937-021-00740-2.
[2] Zheng PF, Shu L, Zhang XY, et al.
Association between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Nutrients.
2016 Apr 23;8(4):239.
doi: 10.
3390/nu8040239.
2 Eat less fructose and exercise more, reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome by 33%.
Metabolic syndrome includes abdominal obesity, high blood sugar, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, T2DM, non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease are associated with an increased risk
.

Diet is considered to be an important factor in the occurrence and development of various components of metabolic syndrome, and the role of fructose in it has attracted people's attention
.

However, no studies have analyzed the relationship between the two in the Chinese population
.

Therefore, a study recently published in Nutr J evaluated the relationship between dietary fructose and metabolic syndrome in Chinese people
.

 Figure 2.
1 The study was published in Nutr J.
The data from the nationally representative cross-sectional study of the China Nutrition and Health Survey included a total of 25,528 participants over 45 years of age, including 11,574 males and 13,954 females; 13067 participants lived In cities, 12,461 participants lived in rural areas; the average age of participants was 59.
1 years
.

Dietary fructose intake is assessed through 3 days and 24 hours diet records; metabolic syndrome adopts the standard definition of the International Diabetes Federation and the Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association
.

 The results showed that the dietary fructose intake of Chinese urban residents was 11.
6 g/day, and the dietary fructose intake of rural residents was 7.
6 g/day
.

Fruits and vegetables and their products are the main sources of fructose in the diet
.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban areas is 32.
4%, which is higher than 24.
7% in rural areas
.

However, the analysis did not find an association between the dietary fructose intake of urban residents (P = 0.
315) and rural residents (P = 0.
230) and the risk of metabolic syndrome
.

 However, among active urban residents, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the quarter of the population with the lowest dietary fructose intake was 33% lower than that of the quarter with the highest intake (OR 0.
67, 95% CI 0.
52-0.
87 )
.

Among urban residents who did not actively exercise, the level of dietary fructose intake had no significant effect on the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.
09, 95% CI 0.
93-1.
27)
.

 Further analysis found that after excluding smokers, drinkers, and underweight/obese, the risk of metabolic syndrome in the quarter of the population with the lowest dietary fructose intake was 26% lower than that of the population with the highest intake.
33% range (OR 0.
68, 95%CI 0.
51-0.
90; OR 0.
67, 95%CI 0.
49-0.
91; OR 0.
74, 95%CI 0.
56-0.
99)
.

The main source of dietary fructose may be related to its effect on metabolism
.

In this study, the main sources of dietary fructose were fruits and vegetables and their products, which accounted for more than 50% of dietary fructose
.

Most fructose from natural foods may not cause adverse effects on HbA1c, fasting insulin and other indicators, but fructose from industrialized foods such as sugar-sweetened beverages may cause the body to consume too much energy and cause negative effects
.

 Figure 2.
2 Fruits and vegetables are the main source of dietary fructose.
This study shows that under the current dietary fructose intake, active exercise, not smoking, not drinking alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating less fructose are likely to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome
.

 REF: Pang S, Song P, Sun X, et al.
Dietary fructose and risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese residents aged 45 and above: results from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey.
Nutr J.
2021 Oct 3;20(1) :83.
doi: 10.
1186/s12937-021-00739-9.
3 Choose an anti-diabetic diet to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer in the future by 38%.
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignant tumor.
In 2020, it is estimated that more than 460,000 people worldwide will die of this Disease
.

Although the specific pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, diet is believed to be related to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer
.

A diet that prevents T2DM can reduce the risk of T2DM, and this diet may also help prevent pancreatic cancer
.

A recent study published in the journal Clin Nutr evaluated the impact of a diet that prevents T2DM on the risk of pancreatic cancer
.

 Figure 3.
1 Study published in Clin Nutr This prospective cohort study included 101,729 adult American participants and analyzed whether adherence to the dietary pattern preventing type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in the risk of pancreatic cancer
.

The study used the anti-diabetic diet score sheet to reflect the compliance of the participants to this diet, with a total score of 32 points.
The higher the score, the higher the compliance
.

The main feature of an anti-diabetic diet is to eat more grain fiber, nuts, coffee, and increase the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids; eat less trans fatty acids, foods with high glycemic index, red meat, processed meats, and sugary drinks
.

 Figure 3.
2 Anti-diabetic diet, not only anti-diabetic, but also preventing pancreatic cancer.
After an average follow-up of 8.
86 years, a total of 402 cases of pancreatic cancer were recorded
.

The analysis showed that participants with the highest quartile of anti-diabetic diet scores had a 38% lower risk of pancreatic cancer compared with participants with the lowest quartile (OR 0.
62, 95% CI 0.
44-0.
86)
.

The results of the subgroup analysis showed that smokers who adhere to the diet to prevent type 2 diabetes (OR 0.
48, 95% CI 0.
30-0.
77) are more effective than never smokers (OR 0.
71, 95% CI 0.
44-1.
15)
.

 Coincidentally, a study published in the journal Eur J Nutr not long ago also supports this research
.

This study from the Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy included 326 patients with pancreatic cancer in the research center and 652 control patients matched by age, gender, and research center, and assessed the relationship between the diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and the risk of pancreatic cancer Relationship
.

 Figure 3.
3 The study published in Eur J Nutr found that the DRRD score was negatively correlated with the risk of pancreatic cancer
.

The population with the highest DRRD score had a 45% lower risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the population with the lowest score
.

The analysis after excluding diabetic patients also found that DRRD can prevent the occurrence of pancreatic cancer.
For every 3 points increase in DRRD score, the corresponding risk will be reduced by 16%
.

 These two studies show that both the anti-diabetic diet and the diabetes risk reduction diet can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer to varying degrees
.

In fact, the focus of the two diets is similar
.

 REF: [1] Huang Y, Liu F, Chen AM, et al.
Type 2 diabetes prevention diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a large prospective multicenter study.
Clinical Nutrition.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
clnu.
2021.
09.
037.
[2] Turati F, Rossi M, Mattioli V, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C.
Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Eur J Nutr.
2021 Aug 2.
doi: 10.
1007/s00394-021-02646 -5.