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This article is the original of translational medicine network, please indicate the source when reprinting
Author: Mia
The microbiome (and the "polymorphic microbes" in it) is thought to be a sign
In 2000, Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg published the groundbreaking paper The Hallmarks of Cancer, conceptualizing six core rules
The addition of polymorphic microbes suggests a growing recognition of the profound impact of complex microbial ecosystems (or "microbiomes") – including bacteria, fungi and viruses associated with human symbiosis – on
The most important evidence of this synthesis comes from the study of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiome), since this is the most extensive characteristic area
microbiome
01
It is estimated that the human body contains about 4×1013 microorganisms
Functional studies using fecal flora transplantation (FMTs) from colorectal cancer patients to recipient mice susceptible to colon cancer establish a principle that microorganisms have both pro-tumor and cancer-protective properties
Nonetheless, of the approximately10 out of 12 different microbes on Earth, only 11 are identified as direct human carcinogens (carcinogenic microorganisms), such as some Escherichia coli strains that produce the potent DNA alkylating agent E.
Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the effects of gut microbes on systemic immunity are very common
At the same time, the individual patient's unique microbiota modulates other cancer characteristics, such as triggering tumor inflammation, evading adaptive immunodeficiency, and responsiveness to anti-cancer therapies, providing an in-depth understanding
Regulation of the intestinal microbiome
02
Prebiotics, probiotics, live biotherapeutic products (LBP), FMT, and dietary interventions are being studied as microbiota regulation strategies
Outside the intestine
03
All tissues and organs exposed to the external environment are colonized by different microorganisms
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by consistent detection of microorganisms
Summary of the study
04
Polymorphic microorganisms are potential tools and quasi-independent variables
Resources:
This article is intended to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for
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