True horse fossils: identified in materials in Yanxian County, Shanxi Province, namely Deshima and Qingyang Horse.

The emergence, evolution and diffusion of the ancient horse were the earliest real horses in Eurasia, and their first appearance in Eurasia was regarded as a sign of the end of the Quame and an important material for studying the climate and environmental changes of the Quarian, attracting paleontology and Quasi researchers from all over the world.
china is a big country that produces real horse fossils.
early twentieth century, many famous palaeontologists have studied Chinese real horse fossils.
1935, Austrian palaeontologist Dansky published his first monograph on chinese real horse fossils.
he recounted the fossils of real horses from Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Shandong, and identified all of the ancient horse specimens as three-door horse-like species (Equus cf.sanmeniensis).
the materials were collected by Antson, a Swedish geologist who was then a consultant in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Republic of China, and later shipped to Uppsala, Sweden, to form the largest collection of Chinese fossils left overseas, the Rath collection.
Dansky's monograph on this classic collection is undoubtedly of great academic value, however, it is not appropriate to classify such a large number of materials with different sizes and characteristics into one species.
The research team at the Institute of Paleontology and Paleoantoanthosis of the Chinese Academy of Sciences re-collated the fossils of real horses in the Rath collection and identified two different types of horses, Equus teilhardi and Equusyang qingensis, from materials from the 32 sites in Yanxian County, Shanxi Province.
the study, written by PhD student Sun Boyang and author of the study, was recently published online in the international academic journal Historical Biology.
, because of the scarcity of materials, little is known about it.
its positive specimen has only a broken jaw.
although later researchers reported some supplements, they were also broken skulls, teeth and post-head bones, which were not very helpful in understanding the nature of the species.
skull, which was produced in Luxian Prefecture, is the first complete skull recorded by a Des horse, providing not only important information about cranial facial features, but also the head base length and cranial proportions.
this information indicates that the German horse is a class of medium-sized, short-limbed ancient horse-type real horse, its cranial ratio is the same as the three-door horse.
because the lower teeth are missing teeth, The Deutchma has always been considered a highly specialized and unidentified group.
In this study, the authors combined new materials and compared some specimens of the most primitive real horse, E. simplicidens, and concluded that the absence or incompleteness of the front teeth was an unstable feature that may have been inherited from some primitive groups.
species reported in the study is Qingyang horse.
material is a broken jaw bone, consistent with the material characteristics previously found in Qingyang area of Gansu Province.
therefore, the Luxian site is the second site where qingyang and Deshima symbsons were found.
the skulls of the two horses reflect the distinct characteristics of the Qingyang horses, which explains the reason why the two species can coexist peacefully because they occupy different ecological positions.
Qingyang horse is the most primitive ancient horse-type real horse in Eurasia, which has some similar characteristics to the simple-toothed horse in its form, which is the ancestral type of all real horses.
, however, Qingyang's more progressive limb bones and symblysis with Deser's horse suggest that there is no ancestral relationship between the two.
Some ancient horse-type real horses in Eurasia have small to medium sizes, incomplete front teeth and short limb bones, such as China's Equus Yunnanensis and Europe's Equus stehlini, which may be related to German horses.
the evolution of the real horse is complex, leaving many questions to be answered by researchers, but this is the charm of the real horse research.
research is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Projects, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Pilot Cultivation Project and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Frontier Science Key Research Projects.
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