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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > Uncover the white feather fan beans with phosphorus masters

    Uncover the white feather fan beans with phosphorus masters

    • Last Update: 2021-03-06
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    phosphorus is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth and development and yield increase. Although farmers use a lot of phosphorus fertilizer every year, the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in the season is always very low, and the accumulation of phosphorus also aggravates soil and environmental pollution. According to statistics, the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in the season is generally only 10%-25%.
    how to improve the ability of crops to reuse soil phosphorus has always been a difficult problem to be solved in agricultural production.
    , the journal Nature-Communications focused on the pattern of phosphorus-efficient crop plant white feather fan beans, back-to-back published two articles. A team study by Xu Weifeng, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Fujian Agricultural and Forglin University, and Cheng Feng, a researcher at the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. They successfully assembled and analyzed the chromosomal-level high-quality genome of white feather fan beans, and revealed that the characteristics of low phosphorus adaptation of white feather fan beans are related to their gene expansion and subgenomic advantages, which are of great reference value to the screening and cultivation of phosphorus-efficient crops.
    another study from the University of Montpellier in France, which measured the high-quality reference genome of white feather fan beans, found that modern white feather fan beans formed the characteristics of low-phosphorus growth plexus roots, and thus its ability to expand in the soil. This will help to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the low phosphorus adaptability of white feather fan beans and provide reference for crop improvement to improve nutrient acquisition efficiency.fact, there is no shortage of phosphorus in the soil. Studies have shown that phosphorus is less mobile in the soil and is absorbed by the soil when it moves, and is fixed by chemical reactions with substances in the soil. As a result, in the case of long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer, most farmland soils are deep in the potentially huge "phosphorus reservoir", but it is difficult to transport nutrients for crop growth and development.
    In order to cope with the lack of phosphorus, plants in the evolutionary process also make a "whole body number", from the appearance (morphology), physiology, photochips and metabolic methods and other ways to adjust, with a view to re-re-ineration of soil phosphorus, access to nutrition.
    , white feather fan beans are "model" plants that have successfully evolved to be low-phosphorus resistant and can make efficient use of phosphorus.Xu Weifeng, the first author of the
    paper and the author of the communication, told China Science that white feather fan beans are a model plant for low phosphorus-resistant research, which produces a large number of rootings under phosphorus deficiency conditions, and secretes protons, organoic acids and acidic phosphatases to achieve the efficient use of solid phosphorus in soil. It can grow normally even without the use of phosphorus fertilizer. Therefore, cracking the efficient utilization mechanism of white feather fan phosphorus can provide reference for the efficient utilization of phosphorus in other species.
    " is equivalent to plant 'mining'. Xu Weifeng vividly explained, "Because phosphorus fertilizer is a non-renewable resource, being fixed is like becoming an 'ore', white feather fan beans can pick it out." The
    of past studies has given scientists a better understanding of the morphological and physiological factors of the low phosphorus adaptation of white feather fan beans. They found that the white feather fan bean can make efficient use of phosphorus because it brings its own "artifact", that is, the root.
    " root is composed of many small side roots, the root can release a large number of organic acids to insoluble phosphorus in the soil, it is the white feather fan beans efficient use of phosphorus key parts. Xu Weifeng said.
    is the gene that promotes rooting growth? Are there other genes or evolutionary methods that give white feather fan beans the ability to use phosphorus efficiently? What are the mechanisms for low phosphorus adaptation? These issues are not yet known.
    Xu Weifeng and Cheng Feng, who are engaged in crop genome and genetic breeding research, worked together to solve the genetic mystery of white feather fan beans.two studies were the first to complete genome sequencing, and chinese researchers used three generations of sequencing PacBio and Hi-C mapping techniques to assemble a chromosomal-level high-quality genome (558.74 Mb) of the white feather fan bean cultivar Amiga.
    study found that the white feather fan bean genome experienced a genome-wide triple event similar to that of heterogenous polyploome species such as the genus, known as "two-step" multiplying, leading to subgengeneration advantages.
    "multiplying" refers to the phenomenon of chromosome groups in the nuclei of cells double and are passed on to offspring in a genetic way, which can promote the rapid evolution of the genome and the production of new ideophysic features. All existing species have undergone many ancient multipliations, so the study of multiplying helps us to analyze the formation and maintenance mechanisms of species diversity. Li Weifeng, a professor at Fudan University's School of Life Sciences, told China Science Daily.
    same time, the multiply process is often accompanied by the silence and elimination of large numbers of multi-copy genes, leaving the genes to become "winners", allowing plants to exhibit more natural-adapted nature.
    the multipliation process of white feather fan beans occurs?
    Feng, author of the paper, told The China Science Journal that baiyu fan beans experienced a triparization of the entire genome, and three sets of ancestral genomes experienced "rearms" during evolution. Based on its ogeneity, scientists re-identified each subgenomic set and found that one set of subgenomics was higher in both gene number and expression than the other two subgenomics. It can be said that the three sets of sub-genomes of white feather fan beans today are not formed by a polymerization event, they should be composed of two sets of sub-genomes first combined and then combined with the third set of sub-genomes.
    studies have shown that multiplied genomes often exhibit sub-genome differences, most typically by differentiating the dominant subgenome, a phenomenon in which a set of sub-genomes has an evolutionary advantage over other sub-genomes. Currently, studies have shown that there are more gene bits in the dominant genome associated with importance in corn crops.
    in the case of white feather fan beans, the amplification of the dominant genome retains more genes for low phosphorus adaptability and efficient use of phosphorus. Cheng Feng said.
    study of the ancient genome and subgenomic evolution of white feather fan beans, they revealed that plant multiply events play an important role in the formation of the diversity and complexity of the characteristics. In addition, due to gene replication in the process of multiplying to produce multiple copies of the same source, the study further revealed that the efficient use of white feather fan phosphorus characteristics and related regulatory path path genes are closely related to the large-scale expansion.
    the study of plant multiply can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century, with the development of genomics, plant multiply research is considered to be an important hot area of botany research.
    With the progress of genome sequencing technology, scientists' study of plant polyploomes can quickly analyze the composition of polyplogue genomes at a lower economic cost, and through large-scale population genomics analysis, identify the physophysics formation mechanism and genome evolution law in the process of multiplying. However, it is debatable whether multiplying contributes to the long-term evolution of species. Li said. In analyzing the "low phosphorus resistance" mechanism, French researchers resequenced a local cultivar and a wild species and found that modern cultivar species greatly increased their ability to expand in the soil due to the early growth of side roots and plex roots, which facilitated the absorption of nutrients such as phosphates.
    chinese researchers compared genome, transcription group and physiological biochemical analysis and found that there are four major biological pathways that may co-evolve into the low phosphorus adaptation properties of white feather fan beans.
    first of all, the white feather fan bean's own carbon fixation. Lack of phosphorus for 4 weeks, white feather fan beans can still maintain photoalycing. The study found that this was due to the amplification of the same gene in genes associated with sucrose transmission, such as AtSWEET735, which significantly increased the expression of these amplified genes in a phosphorus-deficupon environment and may play an important role in the transport of sucrose from stem to root.
    is followed by rooting growth. The study shows that the key genes LaABCG36s and LaABCG37s may participate in the formation of white feather fan bean root by regulating the dynamic balance of growth hormone, and inhibiting its expression can greatly reduce root formation.
    is the phosphorus ionization ability of the white feather fan bean soil. The study found that this is because rooting secretes protons, organic acids, and acidic phosphatases, and that these phosphorus-efficient utilization genes may be regulated by white feather fan protein phosphate.
    end is the use of internal phosphorus. It is believed that under the condition of phosphorus deficiency, the gene with high expression level in the leaves of white feather fan is involved in the remodeling of membrane lipid composition, which is very likely to re-re-active phosphorus from phospholipids, which is of great significance to the reuse of phosphorus inside white feather fan bean.
    we also found significant expansion and functional evolution of multiple related genes involved in the four regulatory pathways, which may be one of the reasons why white feather fan beans adapt to low phosphorus. Xu Weifeng said.
    Xu Weifeng, they and the French research team are just the beginning of sequencing the genomes of white feathers and finding genes that control certain critical symptoms.
    "rooting" grows? What are the mechanisms of functioning genes? How these key genes are used for the breeding of food crops such as rice needs further in-depth study and verification. Xu Weifeng said.
    related paper information:

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