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On February 15th the National Academy of Sciences issued a report on the question "Should gene editing technology be applied to the design of infants", solemnly concluding that "scientists should be allowed to modify human embryos to eliminate devastating genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia" and strongly recommending that "once gene editing techniques are fully applied to humans, appropriate restrictions should be set in sync."
" is reported that the National Academy of Sciences in 2015 held the first summit on human gene editing, and gathered scientists, ethicists, legal experts and patient groups from around the world to investigate the issue of human lineal editing, whether to allow the modification of embryos, sperm or egg cells with genetic information, and eventually formed the 261-page report.
is not new to gene therapy in response to trends.
the rapid development of CRISPR Cas-9 technology, making it easier to change genes.
researchers are able to target specific areas of DNA (deoxybonucleic acid) to add or remove specific genes, a useful research tool for treating human genetic diseases.
, co-chair of the report and a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says advances in science have made it possible to design babies.
are well aware that medical travel has become a global reality, " he said.
, Chalo adds, once human gene editing is proven to be effective, clinicians can begin modifying embryos and implanting them into patients in countries with few regulatory restrictions.
"We certainly don't want to see the same thing happen in the United States."
" To some extent, the National Academy of Sciences' recommendation is to try to avoid this situation.
"Green light" in the strict controls, given that this is a major issue involving a number of scientific, ethical and legal issues, the organizers concluded that scientists should not yet be editing fertilized embryos.
decided that "embryo editing experiments based on basic research are acceptable".
So far, all we've been saying is hypothesis that we're not saying 'you should' or 'you have to', but we're saying that if you meet established standards, you're allowed to do that," Chalo explains.
" is based on the earliest consensus and outlines the strict constraints scientists face in the future.
report calls for international cooperation, a strict regulatory oversight framework, the right to make decisions on public participation, and long-term follow-up of genetically edited children.
there are still technical risks Reported that gene editing therapy has some risks and that there is a "off-target effect" that can easily cause other non-target genes to be modified.
report authors say regulators must weigh these risks and treatment effects on a case-by-case basis.
addition to the "off-target effect", attempts to genetically edit embryos may inadvertently lead to the fusion of treated and untreated cells.
" is the most common problem in mouse studies.
, co-author of the report and a professor at the Francis Crick Institute in London, said.
past year, researchers have made progress in understanding and preventing methods of gene editing that lead to unexpected mutations that are necessary before editing human embryos are officially approved, the journal Nature reported.
not support enhanced editing, adding that gene editing technology should not now be used for non-therapeutic purposes such as enhancing human intelligence because it is considered unfair.
but the boundaries between treating diseases and enhancements are often blurred.
, for example, researchers have shown that a gene called GRIN2B is associated with autism spectrum disorder, while an increase in the amount of GRIN2B protein mutations in the body is associated with improved cognitive ability.
, a geneticist at Harvard University, believes that modifying the gene to prevent autism is likely to result in better outcomes for recipients than the general population.
the report's recommendations were wise.
follow normal drug approval pathways, gene editing can be fully tested as a treatment and improved in medical cases in legal procedures.
"it's good to see that the National Academy of Sciences and many organizations are trying to actively address this problem sooner or later."
"