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1.
What is flow chemistry? Flow chemistry, i.
e.
continuous process or continuous flow chemistry
.
Two or more different reactant streams are first pumped at a predetermined flow rate into a chamber, tube or microreactor to react, and then the fluid containing the produced compounds is collected at the outlet
.
This process requires only a small amount of material and greatly increases process safety
.
Due to the inherent design of continuous flow technology, reaction conditions that cannot be safely achieved in batch reactions can be achieved, while product variability between batches is eliminated
.
It has the advantages of higher product quality, fewer impurities and faster reaction cycle time
.
2.
The difference between batch and flow.
The traditional synthesis method is one-pot cooking.
After the reaction is completely finished, the product can be obtained after post-processing.
Key factors: concentration, mixing, temperature, reaction time, new technology, and new technologies.
The reagents continue to flow into the reactor.
The reagents are flowing.
The mixed reaction products in the reactor continue to flow out of the reactor.
Key factors: flow rate, mixing, temperature, residence time 3.
Types of flow chemistry Homogeneous flow chemistry: the same liquid-liquid reaction, two liquid-liquid reactions
.
Heterogeneous flow chemistry: solid-liquid reaction, gas-liquid reaction, gas-liquid-solid reaction Uniform temperature (unlike gradients in batch reactors); faster and more efficient reaction response and control
.
②Fast mixing; ultra-fast mixing, good reproducibility: small flow channel diameter, creating laminar flow conditions; fast diffusion mixing, good reproducibility
.
③ Clean reaction; the product is completely separated from the reactant without overreaction
.
④Fast reaction; increase the reaction rate According to Arrhenius' law, the reaction rate increases exponentially according to the increase of temperature: every 10 degrees of temperature increase, the reaction rate doubles
.
Flow chemistry systems are easily pressurized and can be heated above the boiling point of the solvent, which is called: super-heating
.
The reaction is fast and can complete previously difficult reactions
.
Root microwave is similar
.
⑤ Safe use of active or toxic reagents; safer use of dangerous reagents: the actual volume of the reaction is very small (usually <50ml); excellent heat transfer can quickly dissipate heat and ensure stable temperature; almost all reagents can be used; Reduce human operations and reduce risks
.
⑥Easy to enlarge; the key points remain the same: residence time, feeding ratio, temperature, pressure
.
Residence time = reaction volume/total flow rate Rapid mixing, temperature control and residence time ensure good reproducibility
.
Scale-up - gram scale: increase the reactor volume or increase the residence time; 100 grams scale: increase the reactor volume, series reactors, increase the residence time or a combination of the three; kilogram scale: need the assistance of industrial-grade engineers
.
⑦Easy to carry out multiphase reaction; solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase can be used as reactants: for solid, no filtration is required; for gas, the usage amount is small, which improves safety
.
⑧ Multi-step reaction can be completed in one line; multi-step reaction can be carried out in sequence: it is not necessary to process all the substances in the reactor like batch reaction to get the product (the product in the solvent can be used for the next reaction immediately); the reactors can be arranged in sequence ; The entire system can automatically adjust the flow rate and reaction time
.
⑨Easy to automate; ⑩Small footprint
.
Very compact; modular
.
What modules are needed for flow chemistry • High pressure infusion pumps for continuous flow of solutions/reagents: Accuracy of flow rates and chemical resistance of the pump are critical
.
Ou Shisheng high-pressure constant-flow infusion pump can be stable without pulsation, large flow, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and resistance to viscous particles.
Mixer allows reagents to be mixed: simple T-shaped crossover can be used, or more micro-mixing chips can be used.
Super fast mixing
.
• The reactor is where the reaction takes place: there are reactors of different shapes and materials depending on the reaction being done, but all of them are small in diameter
.
• Back pressure regulator pressurizes the system: this allows heating to temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent
.
• An online detector is connected in series at the back end of the back pressure valve to monitor the results of each replacement condition online, which can greatly improve the experimental efficiency.
• Other options: such as collectors, control software, and so on
.
Complete flow chemistry module system flow chart
What is flow chemistry? Flow chemistry, i.
e.
continuous process or continuous flow chemistry
.
Two or more different reactant streams are first pumped at a predetermined flow rate into a chamber, tube or microreactor to react, and then the fluid containing the produced compounds is collected at the outlet
.
This process requires only a small amount of material and greatly increases process safety
.
Due to the inherent design of continuous flow technology, reaction conditions that cannot be safely achieved in batch reactions can be achieved, while product variability between batches is eliminated
.
It has the advantages of higher product quality, fewer impurities and faster reaction cycle time
.
2.
The difference between batch and flow.
The traditional synthesis method is one-pot cooking.
After the reaction is completely finished, the product can be obtained after post-processing.
Key factors: concentration, mixing, temperature, reaction time, new technology, and new technologies.
The reagents continue to flow into the reactor.
The reagents are flowing.
The mixed reaction products in the reactor continue to flow out of the reactor.
Key factors: flow rate, mixing, temperature, residence time 3.
Types of flow chemistry Homogeneous flow chemistry: the same liquid-liquid reaction, two liquid-liquid reactions
.
Heterogeneous flow chemistry: solid-liquid reaction, gas-liquid reaction, gas-liquid-solid reaction Uniform temperature (unlike gradients in batch reactors); faster and more efficient reaction response and control
.
②Fast mixing; ultra-fast mixing, good reproducibility: small flow channel diameter, creating laminar flow conditions; fast diffusion mixing, good reproducibility
.
③ Clean reaction; the product is completely separated from the reactant without overreaction
.
④Fast reaction; increase the reaction rate According to Arrhenius' law, the reaction rate increases exponentially according to the increase of temperature: every 10 degrees of temperature increase, the reaction rate doubles
.
Flow chemistry systems are easily pressurized and can be heated above the boiling point of the solvent, which is called: super-heating
.
The reaction is fast and can complete previously difficult reactions
.
Root microwave is similar
.
⑤ Safe use of active or toxic reagents; safer use of dangerous reagents: the actual volume of the reaction is very small (usually <50ml); excellent heat transfer can quickly dissipate heat and ensure stable temperature; almost all reagents can be used; Reduce human operations and reduce risks
.
⑥Easy to enlarge; the key points remain the same: residence time, feeding ratio, temperature, pressure
.
Residence time = reaction volume/total flow rate Rapid mixing, temperature control and residence time ensure good reproducibility
.
Scale-up - gram scale: increase the reactor volume or increase the residence time; 100 grams scale: increase the reactor volume, series reactors, increase the residence time or a combination of the three; kilogram scale: need the assistance of industrial-grade engineers
.
⑦Easy to carry out multiphase reaction; solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase can be used as reactants: for solid, no filtration is required; for gas, the usage amount is small, which improves safety
.
⑧ Multi-step reaction can be completed in one line; multi-step reaction can be carried out in sequence: it is not necessary to process all the substances in the reactor like batch reaction to get the product (the product in the solvent can be used for the next reaction immediately); the reactors can be arranged in sequence ; The entire system can automatically adjust the flow rate and reaction time
.
⑨Easy to automate; ⑩Small footprint
.
Very compact; modular
.
What modules are needed for flow chemistry • High pressure infusion pumps for continuous flow of solutions/reagents: Accuracy of flow rates and chemical resistance of the pump are critical
.
Ou Shisheng high-pressure constant-flow infusion pump can be stable without pulsation, large flow, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and resistance to viscous particles.
Mixer allows reagents to be mixed: simple T-shaped crossover can be used, or more micro-mixing chips can be used.
Super fast mixing
.
• The reactor is where the reaction takes place: there are reactors of different shapes and materials depending on the reaction being done, but all of them are small in diameter
.
• Back pressure regulator pressurizes the system: this allows heating to temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent
.
• An online detector is connected in series at the back end of the back pressure valve to monitor the results of each replacement condition online, which can greatly improve the experimental efficiency.
• Other options: such as collectors, control software, and so on
.
Complete flow chemistry module system flow chart
