What are the applications of modern biology genetic engineering?

What are the applications of modern biology genetic engineering? In fact, the application of genetic engineering technology led by the rapid development of biotechnology, thus changing the face of molecular biology, and promote the rise of the biotechnology industry, thus began a new era of science and technology.
and the application of genetic engineering has also opened up a new era of biological research, new technologies and new methods of genetic engineering to solve some of the major problems in biochemistry, molecular biology and medicine provide a powerful means, the following i let me briefly talk about the specific situation of biological genetic engineering applications! Separating a gene, sequencing it, and determining the function of a gene to change biological traits were difficult in the past, often taking years or even decades, and now any biological laboratory can do it in a short time.
determining the amino acid order of protein molecules was originally a laborious task and is now being replaced by rapid sequencing of DNA;
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are leading disciplines in all branches of biology, and biochemistry and molecular biology have led to the development of biology and medicine. The application of
genetic engineering has become an indispensable and important means for various branches of biology, including basic medicine, to study the laws of life activity at the molecular level.
problems that were difficult to study in the past, such as cell recognition, developmental genetic control, the molecular basis of the nervous system and brain, and new technologies have flourished, opening up many new areas.
structural molecular biology, developmental molecular biology and neuromolecular biology are the most active and fastest growing sub-disciplines.
Due to the rapid development of the application of genetic engineering, mapping the genomes of various organisms, including humanbeings, has been fully started.
human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, the haploid genome is composed of about 3 x 109bp, a total of about 30,000 -40,000 genes.
scientists believe that by completing the entire genetic sequence, people will be able to find new ways to treat and prevent many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease.
the U.S. government funded $3 billion to launch the Human Genome Project in 1990, scientists and governments from all over the world responded to the recommendations of U.S. scientists, including the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, and China, who participated in the largest scientific engineering project in the history of life sciences to date.
the human genome has led to technological breakthroughs and developments, and at the same time the human genome sequence has been determined by dozens of genomes from low to higher organisms, including E. coli, bacillus, wine yeast, a nematode, a variety of pathogens, fruit flies, mice, rice genomes have been completed. the completion of the
Human Genome Project has encouraged scientists to further plan for the post-genome era's research task: interpreting genomic information, that is, interpreting semantic information about the genome, figuring out all encoded genes, and clarifying the time-space regulation of gene expression.
? The birth of
genetic engineering has led to the continuous breakthrough and rapid development of modern biotechnology, and the industry that depends on biotechnology has emerged.
the main battleground for genetic engineering is in healthcare and agriculture, so bioengineering is first and foremost in the fields of medicine and chemicals.
genetically engineered drugs, itakura K and Boyer H used the then-mature genetic engineering techniques in 1977 to produce the hypothalamus 14 peptide growth hormone release inhibitor hormone in E. coli.
the hormone can treat limb hypertrophy caused by excessive growth hormone secretion during developmental times in children.
can obtain 50 mg of gene expression products from 1L engineering fermentation fluid, equivalent to the amount of the hormone extracted from the hypothalamus of 500,000 sheep, thus the significance of the industrialization of genetic engineering can be understood.
gene therapy, which directs the introduction of normally functioning genes into receptor cells to correct or compensate for genetic defects, and can also use the introduction of genes to kill pathogens or malignant cells in the body. The application of
gene engineering has made gene therapy possible.
some diseases that do not have effective treatment, such as genetic diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease and AIDS, are expected to be treated through gene therapy.
here are a few examples of gene therapy.
Gene Therapy for Complex Immune Deficiency Syndrome: In 1991, the United States approved the first human gene therapy for a genetic disease, introducing adenosine deaminase (ADA) to a 4-year-old girl with severe complex immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID).
is the use of retrovirus-mediated indirect method, that is, the use of normal human adenosine deaminase gene retrovirus vector culture of children's white blood cells, and use leukocyte interleukin 2 (IL-2) to stimulate its proliferation, after 10 days or so after static swimming input children.
treatment about once in January and February, and after 8 months, the ada level in the child reached 25% of the normal value, with no significant side effects.
followed with a second treatment to achieve similar results.
the application of genetic engineering in agriculture, the "green revolution" that began in the 1950s has made an important contribution to the improvement and yield of important food crops around the world, such as wheat, corn and rice.
the development of biotechnology in agriculture in the 1970s led to the "second green revolution".
genetically modified technology has changed the traditional breeding methods, through the introduction of good genes and the crop to obtain new characteristics, animal husbandry industry also benefitfrom genetic engineering, in a short period of time to cultivate a variety of high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant and short-term new varieties.
genetic engineering can also use cultivated plants and animals as bioreactors to genetically engineer the plant's stems, roots and seeds or poultry eggs, mammalian milk contains a large number of valuable drugs and vaccines.
the prospect of genetic engineering research, the application of genetic engineering in the early 1970s led to the rise and development of biotechnology, which led to the emergence and development of biology into a new period of development, its main features are: First, biological science at an unprecedented high speed forward.
second, the combination of biological science and engineering disciplines has resulted in the emergence of large-scale scientific engineering research on an unprecedented scale.
the world of vast information networks connects the world's laboratories, and bioscience research becomes more organized, planned and scaled.
third, biological science has entered a new era of creation and practice, the above is the small editor I explain to you about the specific situation of genetic engineering application technology, at the same time hope that this interested readers can timely put forward valuable comments, but also hope that the vast number of readers can more support news column, thank you!