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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > What do humans know about the brain?

    What do humans know about the brain?

    • Last Update: 2020-08-09
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    About 50 pieces of brain region "jigsaw puzzle" can be put together "the king of organs" - the brain.
    according to a map of the brain area taken by German neuroanatomy scientist Brudman, the cerebral cortex is divided into 52 blocks (two of which are monkeys) of which 1, 2, 3 control body sensations... 37 District head face recognition ... While this division of functionplays importantly in brain research and disease treatment, it is far from understanding the brain and reconstructing it.
    recently published online in Cell, Chinese scientists used single-cell mass spectrometry, photogenetics, molecular biology, electrophysiology and animal behavior to reveal the molecular and neural loop mechanisms of solar irradiation to improve learning and memory.
    discovery that makes light one of the factors that affect the brain's neural loops, leading to a chain of possible reverie about puzzles and brain-healthyness.
    more and more in-depth research to allow people to explore more and more secrets in the brain, the brain puzzles have not diminished at all.
    how many unknown puzzles are there in your brain? Can all the puzzles be answered, and can you create another brain after solving the problem? What do humans know about the brain? Not long ago, some of Santiago Ramon-Kahal's neuronal hand drawings, the "father of modern neuroscience", went on the go of social media, and what now seemed to be rough and simple neurons were really "what you see and draw."
    hand-drawn drawingshows show the true shape of the brain sliced under the microscope, each with its own characteristics, but the "end" disappears where the paper is not.
    however, using a series of microscopic optical slicing tomography techniques, it is possible for scientists to observe a cell across the brain. "Previously, people had manually sliced the brain, scanned them, and studied neurons or neural loops through cell staining, and that information was cut off, " said Yu Hui, a professor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in
    .
    " new imaging technology that allows humans to emerge from the "sitting well" sliced field of view.
    " neuronal cells were originally able to span multiple brain regions, refreshing human understanding of the brain.
    multidisciplinary fusion of "transgenic markers, tomography, three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms, etc., " so that the brain map is no longer a collection of discrete sectional pictures, but a quasi-continuous, full-brain structure and functional joint map with clear spatial scale and position information.
    ," said Luo Qingming, vice president of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
    , for example, transfection of nerve cells with a virus before a tomography, allowing neurons to emit fluorescence, just as they give neurons "electric" in the dark at night, at which point the imaging system can then obtain the "deployment" of fluorescently labeled neurons in the brain.
    However, in further exploration of functionality, scientists have found that some neuronal cells play more than one role.
    "part-time" complicates the network relationship of the neural loop.
    Mr. Locke likened it to the real-life networks.
    ", "Like we have a power grid, a water network, a road network, a communications network... The brain also builds a multidimensional network based on different needs.
    "In this possible multidimensional network, people don't even figure out the type of neuron, let alone the loop dimension."
    this is like "Lego" toys, which different colors or shapes of components do not know, not to know what kind of network to spell, cross-zone stitching and what clues.
    for the brain, scientists are faced with a huge unknown that can't imagine how much to have and how many factors affect them.
    "three views" can bear the responsibility of reconstructing the big job? The brain is so complex and full of puzzles, how do we get answers to puzzles? Locke Qingming believes that, because of the high complexity of the human brain, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of revealing the advanced function of the human brain, the decryption of the neural loop needs to carry out multi-level multi-angle research from low-grade animals to higher animals.
    the multi-level consensus in the industry is "macro" "introduction" and "micro".
    the past slicing, dyeing, mirroring to observe the different forms of nerve cells are the main means of macro-research.
    and the application of light, electricity and magnetism, so that macro-research left the "death" of the site.
    the application of various brain functional imaging techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) and positron emission computer tomography (PET), which makes macro-research of brain activity possible.
    the American Brain Connection Group Program (HCP) collected and disclosed high-quality multimodal MRI data based on thousands of people over a five-year period.
    data is the horn.
    " this led to the joint use of this data at home and abroad to map the fine functional mapping of the cerebral cortex and the mapping of whole-brain structure connections.
    ," said Gao Jiahong, a professor at Peking University.
    Britain and other countries have also carried out the mapping of their own people's brains of macro-maps.
    " the future, reflecting gene expression, chemical transmitters, metabolism and other brain information, added to growth, disease and other dimensions of the dynamic evolution version may also be drawn.
    " Gao Jiahong, Peking University in 2018 released Chinese brain fine structure template, so that Chinese brain research does not need to be based on Western structure templates.
    from macro to micro, human beings are like "flying into the sea", facing an unimaginable and controlled amount of data. "In early 2016, the U.S. Advanced Intelligence Research Program (IARPA) allocated $28 million to support Harvard University in obtaining structural and functional data for 1 cubic millimeter rat synaptic connections, with electroscope data up to a PET scale," said HanWah, a researcher at the Institute of Automation at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in
    .
    " a stark contrast of several figures, it can be seen that micro-exploration is beyond the current human capacity.
    , therefore, quantum computing is seen as a potential technology that can take on this computing power.
    the "mediate" is between macro and micro, that is, not like micro", but also may make up for the macro-brain map in the structure and functional docking gap.
    " see both forests (whole brain), trees (neurons) and even leaves (neural joints).
    " Du Julin, a researcher at the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, put it.
    the mesology study is currently in the model animal stage, and China will map zebrafish's whole brain mesographin by 2020. How do
    re-create a bit of "soul"? However, after the "three views" study, can we reconstruct the brain? Faced with two piles of the same distance, the same freshness, the same fragrance, the same amount of straw, donkey will choose? The answer is random. What choice does
    machine choose? It doesn't choose, it's just counting endlessly until it goes down.
    in a lecture, Pan Jianwei, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a quantum physicist, said that randomness is difficult to achieve for classical algorithms.
    this thing, called "random", is extremely simple for life, but non-living bodies are beyond the reach of the dust.
    seems to be how to go to God or will become the most puzzling part of "re-creation".
    "three views", without adding "soul"? Scientists also often ask questions, such as "whether there is any substance we don't know that has changed in the brain at the time of biological death."
    's most famous experiment came from American doctor Duncan McDowell, who measured the weight of the soul at about 21 grams with a sensitive beam balance.
    Is this memory and thinking? So what does death take away, or what has changed? Since current research methods are still based on the removal of brain tissue testing, such doubts have never been answered.
    , there are also scientists to explore the living electroencephalic location tracking and observation of organisms, such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neurology Du Julin researcher team to achieve the zebrafish feeding, swimming when the observation of nerve cells electromagnetic signals, but the accuracy still needs to be improved.
    perhaps the future of macro-brain detection technology changes will occur in the mesothetical or micro- .
    when living organisms, not specimens, can be detected, human understanding of the brain may enter new horizons.
    but it is certain that the reconstruction of the human brain will not be limited to the field of neuroscientists, and may even be the use of physics, chemistry, computing and other scientific forces.
    .
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