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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > What does RNA editing do? It promotes tumor growth.

    What does RNA editing do? It promotes tumor growth.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-05
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    A new study looks at the potential role of RNA (ribonucleic acid) editing in tumor growth.
    the findings, published online in the journal Scientific Reports, provide a better understanding of the emerging mechanisms that affect tumor development and progression, potentially leading to better treatments in the future.
    in each healthy human cell, genetic information linked to DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA and then translated into proteins, the "origin" of all tissues and organs of the body.
    general view is that most malignancies are caused by DNA mutations that can cause abnormal activation or inactivation of the corresponding protein products, which in turn leads to uncontrolled growth and proliferation of malignant cells.
    RNA editing, the ability to impact multiple cellular processes through the introduction of transcription processes through RNA sequence "mutations", but until now, little is known about this precise mechanism.
    previous studies have shown that more than one million sites in the genome have been edited to varying degrees.
    Although most of these edit sites fall into areas that cannot be translated into proteins, rna editing levels between tumors and normal tissues have been shown to be associated with different clinical outcomes.
    currently, only a few RNA editing sites have been functionally characterized.
    However, whether and how most RNA editing events in non-translated regions affect tumor growth remains a challenge.
    researchers at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) analyzed 14 tumor types and identified more than 2,000 genes that showed significant differences in RNA editing levels between tumors and normal tissues.
    "This study suggests that RNA editing may be an important epigenetic mechanism that transcends gene/DNA level cell regulation," explained dr. Stefan Monty, associate professor of medicine at BUSM.
    "We show that the effects of epigenetic components can be offset by changes in another epigenetic component.
    so a comprehensive map of changes in the cancer genome is important, which may point to gaps in targeted therapy," added study lead author Dr. Liye Zhang, a post-doctoral student at BUSM.
    RNA Editor's Note: On May 31st, the international academic journal Nucleic Acids Research published an online research paper entitled Implementation of the CRISPR-Cas13a system in fission yeast and its repurposing for precise rna.
    the work, the work reported on an artificial machine that uses the newly discovered Cas13 protein (VI type) and its guiding RNA target binding to specific sequence single-stranded RNA, enabling precise fixed-point RNA (A-I) editing by designing and combining it with human-derived RNA desalysase catalytic domain (hADAR2d).
    unlike in recent years, when DNA editing is used to modify dna editing(e.g. Cas9) to modify gene/regulatory gene expression, the Cas13 system does not involve changes in encoded gene DNA, but rather editing gene transcription products (mRNAs) to provide new ways and ideas for changing gene function and regulatory expression.
    has been a huge success in recent years in the editing of genetic DNA in biological species, including cutting and base replacement, with the use of CRISPR technology, as well as technical limitations.
    complements DNA editing technology, a precise fixed-point editing technology for RNA with unique technical advantages and applications.
    RNA fixed-point editing does not alter the encoded gene itself (dna base changes cannot be reversed) and is more controllable in time, space and efficiency than DNA editing.
    at the same time, RNA editing can be more efficient by modifying multiple genes at the same time and targeting all transcription products of multi-copy genes at the same time, especially for multi-polypheels.
    has important application value in the field of gene therapy for diseases, using RNA fixed-point editing to repair mutant genes in disease tissue.
    in order to achieve the artificial machine of precise fixed-point RNA editing, Li Xuan research team, in collaboration with researcher Yang Wei, researcher of the Shanghai Pasteur Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Wang Hongbing, a professor at the University of Michigan, Usain Tin, have discovered that Cas13a, which has the ability to combine unique sequence single-stranded RNA in the newly discovered CRISPR family, first realized its target endogenous RNA and degradation target RNA functionin in the model bio-split yeast (Spombe).
    further, the design of the study mainly by Jing Xinyun and ice Ran and others to complete.
    related work has been supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, the National Science and Technology Major Project and the Natural Science Foundation project.
    RNA Editing Profile: RNA Editing refers to the process of altering genetic information at the mRNA level.
    specifically, the mRNA molecule spawned by gene transcription, due to the absence, insertion or displacement of nucleotides, the sequence of gene transcriptions does not complement the sequence of gene templates, so that the amino acid composition of the protein produced by translation is different from the phenomenon of encoded information in the gene sequence.
    RNA editing, like gene selection splicing or variable shearing, makes it possible for a gene sequence to produce several different proteins, which may be a mechanism for biological structocing of the original genetic information more cost-effectively during the long-term evolution.
    RNA editing was discovered through the encoding of information on the corresponding genes by more mature mRNA, and there are several unexpected changes in the mature mRNA sequence, including the ulysin (U) mutation to cytosine (C), the cell cytosine mutation to urine, the insertion or deletion of urine, the insertion of multiple ostrich (G) or cytosine insertion.
    the most typical example is the editing of the mitochondrial gene mRNA of trypanosome actuators, involving the loss and insertion of hundreds of urinary urine.
    because RNA editing is the genetic information of DNA template source inserted, missing or nucleotide replaced in mRNA after gene transcription, and translates a variety of amino acid sequences of different proteins, the results of RNA editing not only expand the genetic information, but also make the organism better adapted to the living environment.
    the main transcription products of some genes must be edited to effectively start the translation or to produce the correct readable box (ORF).
    Source: Noble.com, Sina.com.
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