What is a microbiome? How is the road map for our microbiome planning?

Less than 1% of the microbes known to humans, the formation process and mechanism of the microbiome and its functions, as well as the power to drive the evolution of the microbiome, are still a "black box" to a large extent.
" project implementation period of two years, a total investment of 30 million yuan, 14 research units, 30 research teams involved.
through the implementation of this 'seed plan', for the 'Chinese Microbiological Group Plan' to do a good job of pre-research work.
in an interview with Science and Technology Daily on January 12, Liu Shuangjiang, director of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said he hoped to make breakthroughs in the complications of human metabolic diseases and the regulation of gut microbes by Chinese herbal medicine, and that the results could provide solutions to the health, agriculture and environment problems facing humans.
the "seed plan" of Liu Shuangjiang refers to the Microbiological Group Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was launched on December 20, 2017. The
project, led by the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, integrates the Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, shanghai Institute of Life Sciences and other research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 14 institutions of Beijing Concord Hospital, to jointly investigate "the common technology of the human body and environmental health microbiome."
so, what is the microbiome, what does it have to do with human survival and development? Competing with international giants, how is the road map of our microbiome planning? The reporter began an interview on this.
beyond imagination, it is well known that the discovery of penicillin extends human life expectancy.
dig and make good use of a microorganism, the benefits can not be more than that.
the so-called microbiome refers to the sum of all microorganisms and their genetic information in a particular environment or ecosystem.
in recent years, scientists have become increasingly aware of the importance of microbiome research, which they believe is a key technology and solution to the problems facing humans, including declining health and environmental degradation.
" microbiome's role in the Earth's ecosystems and human health is beyond imagination, not only helping humanity overcome the survival challenges of today, but also providing a way forward.
" Liu Shuangjiang said that less than 1% of the microbes known to humans, the microbiome and its function formation process and mechanism, as well as the driving force strain of microbiome evolution, etc. are still a "black box" to a large extent.
the Chinese Academy of Sciences Microbiome Program, known as the Chinese Academy of Sciences" microbiome research on human and environmental health, will provide new opportunities for understanding these unknown worlds and play a leading and leading role in the birth of the Chinese Microbiome program.
the Microbiology Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences plans to set up five topics, respectively, focus on the study of human intestinal microbiome, domestic animal intestinal microbiome, activated sludge microbiome functional network analysis and regulation mechanism, the creation of microbiome functional analysis technology and computational methods, as well as the construction of China's microbiome database and resource base. Zhao Guoping, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said earlier that microbiome research is a subject derived from application, before more is to carry out microbiome structure and metatype research, with the implementation of the Microbiome program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, will pay more attention to functional and mechanism research, while achieving a common and key technology breakthrough in microbiome research.

Focus on Health To Explore the Regulatory Mechanism of the "Human Second Genome" Microbiome Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which will focus on the human gut, animal intestines and activated sludge microbiome-related research, based on national needs, the frontiers of microbiome science and technology and the needs of the people.
the gut microbiome is an unrecognized "organ" of the human body, and the gut microbiome genome is called the "human second genome".
study found that the human intestine is home to as many as 1000 kinds of microorganisms, each person's intestines have an average of 160 kinds of microbial species, the number of genes in the intestinal microbiome is hundreds of times the number of genes of the human body itself, the number of cells is 10 times the number of human cells, these microorganisms and the human physiological state, health level, drug efficacy, especially the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine and so on.
" as a hot topic of international research, microbiome and cardiovascular, immune, mental, especially obesity, diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
intestinal microbiome disorder is one of the important factors that promote the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
" Liu Shuangjiang told reporters that the current research of various types of microbiome, the general problem is that only the correlation, do not know causality.
scientists don't know what gut microbes do in the human body, how their anger and sorrow are related to human deaths, and how health prevention in large-scale populations should be initiated.
correlation is the basis of discovery mechanism, and scientific regulation and intervention can be developed after mastering the mechanism. Liu Shuangjiang, a
, said that the discovery of new regulatory strategies and interventions in science, in addition to solving scientific problems, can also create new technologies and applications to help the healthy development of human society.
scientists have speculated that the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbes is very close, it is considered to be a precursor medicine, after the intestinal microbe "processing" after the effect, and its effect is achieved by affecting the intestinal microbes.
at present, although there is some evidence to support, but to carry forward and expand the Chinese herbal medicine industry and industry in Greater China, more scientific evidence is needed.
" through the Microbiology Group program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is expected that the mechanism of action between Traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbes will be explained clearly.
" Liu Shuangjiang revealed that the team of researchers of Liu Hongwei of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the study of Lingzhi found "anti-metabolic syndrome new drug molecule GA7", with weight loss, sugar reduction, fat reduction and cardiovascular protection multiple pharmacological effects;
, a candidate for a new drug with independent intellectual property rights, was transferred to the company for clinical research in July 2017.
Bend Overtaking The development roadmap at the national level Clear national level Is precisely because of the potential value and significance of the microbiome in advancing scientific and technological progress, the United States, Canada and the European Union have launched various microbiome programs or projects, focusing on microbiological group research.
the end of 2007, the National Institutes of Health announced a $115 million investment to launch the Human Microbiome Program to analyze the effects of changes in microbial microbiome structures on human health;
the EU's forward-looking layout of the microbiome was not good, in 2008, it spent 21.2 million euros to launch the human metagenome programme;
"China's research in the field of microbiology is not too late, and between 2007 and 2014, 973 and 863 plans invested more than 70 million yuan to tackle basic research and technical research on intestinal microecology, respectively.
", in Liu Shuangjiang's view, China's microbiological research mainly focuses on the human body, the current microbiological research must be raised to the national strategic height, "China has advantages and characteristics in microbial resources, ecological environment diversity, population diversity, Chinese herbal medicine medical health, etc., but there is no overall layout of research plans and projects, from the national level to strengthen the role of microbial human health, environmental protection, energy and other major issues.
", it is worth noting that in July 2017, more than 50 academicians and experts supported the initiative of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and recommended to the State that the Chinese Microbiological Group Program should be launched as soon as possible, and received a positive response.
at the 582nd Symposium of the Xiangshan Science Conference, held in December 2016, the experts agreed that "it is time to launch China's own microbiological group plan" in order to give china a favorable position in this strategic area.
" lack of overall system design, which is a core problem facing the study of microbiological groups in China.
" Zhao Guoping spoke out from the audience.
At present, the research of microbiome in China has not yet realized the joint operation of cross-cutting and cross-sectoral aspects of major issues, and has not really realized the sharing of resources and data.
at the same time, in the research methods and technology, the intersection of disciplines, large data processing and analysis technology, but also lack of relevant personnel.
2017, Liu Shuangjiang and Zhao Guoping published an article entitled "China Microbiome Plan: Opportunities and Challenges" in the Journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposing the basic principles of deploying the China Microbiome Program", "National Demand-Oriented, Scientific Hypothesis Driven, Technological Innovation Support", and proposing the establishment of the China Microbiology Group Program's National Key Research and Development Program.
hopes that through the implementation of the China Microbiological Group Program, it will lead the international scientific plan and strengthen China's voice in the corresponding fields, significantly enhance China's ability to transform scientific and technological innovation and scientific and technological achievements, and give birth to a number of strategic emerging industries based on disruptive technologies.
the implementation of the Microbiome Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is hoped that the relationship and mechanism between gut microbes and host nutrient metabolism can be clarified, and that several key functional microbiomes that can be used in intestinal immunity regulation of domestic animals can be obtained, and new breeding models such as the use of antibiotics are used.
" Liu Shuangjiang said that more data will be collected and excavated from microbiomes, and the talent steam of microbiome research and development will be cultivated and expanded to lay the foundation for the implementation of the China Microbiome Program.
Source: Science Daily.