What is eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic cell is a kind of cell (or unicellular organism) with a core and membrane binding organelle, which corresponds to prokaryote (bacteria and archaea) Compared with prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex All plants, animals, fungi and many microorganisms are eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells are characterized by many organelles or cell subunits with specific functions They include mitochondria (cellular dynamics), endoplasmic reticulum (synthetic important biomolecules), Golgi complex (processing and packaging biomolecules), lysosomes (decomposition of dead or foreign substances), centromeres (mediating cell division), chloroplasts (present in plants), and a strong cytoskeleton These organelles float in a thick, transparent liquid called cytoplasm, which acts as blood for cells In addition, eukaryotic cells have a series of surface features for movement or protection, while prokaryotic cells do not Flagella in human sperm and cell walls in plants are typical examples Fungal cells have a putamen cell wall, the same material that insects use to make exoskeletons The reason why fungi such as mushrooms don't feel hard to touch is that their shell walls are thinner than those of insects and other arthropods Compared with prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are more complex and diverse Some organelles of eukaryotic cells are actually the ancestors of prokaryotes, which once had symbiotic relationship Typical examples include mitochondria and chloroplasts Mitochondria even have their own DNA, but over time they have evolved into better protective nuclei Although prokaryotes have evolved for a longer time (3.4-2.7 trillion years ago), eukaryotes (2.1-1.6 trillion years ago) are closer to life on earth The earliest eukaryotic cell fossils are in the form of red algae, which can be traced back to 1.2 trillion years ago.