What is the effect of men losing y chromosomes on the body?

Some men's Y chromosomes are lost as they age, and some scientists say this may be linked to some cancer-related genetic mutations.
, however, there are studies that suggest that Y chromosome loss is a "natural selection" of the cellular evolution process: without the Y chromosome, these cells can survive better.
the missing Y chromosomes in the 1960s, many doctors found a strange phenomenon when examining the number of chromosomes in human white blood cells.
analysis showed that these white blood cells lost some Y chromosomes, and the older the sample, the more frequently the phenomenon occurred.
since then, many studies have concluded that Y chromosome loss has many negative effects, such as being associated with cancer, heart disease and other disorders.
now, one of the largest studies to date has found that an estimated 20 per cent of more than 200,000 male samples from the UK's biobank have lost some of their Y chromosomes.
by the age of 70, 43.6 percent of men will have the phenomenon.
, however, the study did not know why such a result had been produced.
but they believe that the loss of the Y chromosome is actually the most direct and significant health warning, and that the men's bodies must be having some problems.
Y chromosome loss can cause a series of genetic mutations to accumulate in cells, some of which are likely to be associated with cancer or other diseases.
after all, genetic mutations in a person's life are constantly spontaneous in the body.
cells split, the mutation may be as small as a base of a gene has been mispaired, or may be large enough to lose the entire chromosome.
this may lead to the occurrence of chiphesclones.
, all the genomes of cells from an individual are the same, but when the chimeric phenomenon occurs, the individual can have distinct cell groups, each with a completely different mutation.
everyone is more or less cocining, but as we get older, it will occur more and more.
"The older you get, the more mistakes occur in the cell division process," said John Perry, a biologist at the University of Cambridge who leads the new study.
in the blood, the most common chimeric phenomenon is the loss of the Y chromosome in some cells.
of course, there are many other examples, such as in women, some blood cells may also lose an X chromosome.
and some blood cells get mutations in a particular gene, lose a small section of chromosome, and even get an extra chromosome.
(of course, these phenomena are only for white blood cells, which do not contain any DNA.
) Loss caused by mutation? Perry and his colleagues also wanted to know why only a few men lost the Y chromosome, so they also tried to find out if some mutations on other chromosomes were associated with the loss of the Y chromosome in men.
, Perry did find 156 related mutations.
many mutation sites are close to cancer susceptibility genes, and men with these mutations are associated with high-risk prostate and testicular cancers.
and gliomas, kidney cancers and other types of cancer are almost always associated with these mutations. "I think it's the most interesting part," said Siddhartha Jaiswal, a pathologist who studies blood at Stanford University.
the possible loss of the Y chromosome
is not the ultimate factor in these increased risk of illness, after all, women who do not have y chromosomes are not affected by survival.
However, if a genetic mutation causes men to lose the Y chromosome, the mutation can also increase a person's risk of cancer.
that makes sense, after all, women can have these mutations, and in the final analysis, some mistakes in DNA can cause disease.
cancer is caused by too many mutations accumulating and errors in cell division mechanisms.
on the other hand, the loss of the Y chromosome itself is a very large genetic mutation.
Perry thinks both results may be due to the obstruction of the process of coping with AND treating DNA damage in cells.
"The loss of the Y chromosome proves that our genome is indeed unstable," Perry said, in other words, the loss of the Y chromosome shows that our bodies allow DNA errors to accumulate.
lost to survive? But why is the Y chromosome lost more frequently than other chromosomes? Perhaps because the Y chromosome is the smallest of all chromosomes, or because it is less important than the function of other chromosomes.
" may be that the Y chromosome carries only a small number of genes, and losing the Y chromosome may be the best choice compared to losing other chromosomes.
" says David Steensma, an oncologist at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute.
Since Y chromosome loss is so common, it may also bring some minor benefits to some cells.
after all, 87% of the blood cells in men who produce the loss of the Y chromosome are missing Y chromosomes.
Perry thinks the benefit may be that cells can carry less of a chromosome in the process of cell division, which saves a lot of energy consumption.
or that cells can block the expression of growth-suppressing genes on the Y chromosome.
either way, it has a role to play for blood cells, which compete daily with a large number of peers for limited resources.
if a tiny mutation plays a role in their growth, then these mutant cells can outperform other cells. In fact, according to
Perry, the formation of human blood cells is a perfect "micro-evolutionary history".
in recent years, many scientists have begun to explore some deep-seated differences in blood cells in different groups of the same body. "
If we want to see complete information, we need some technology that can detect whole genomes," said Lambert Busque, a biologist who specializes in blood cancer.
50 years ago, a group of doctors discovered the loss of the Y chromosome.
now, scientists have been able to analyze genes in the blood of thousands of people at the same time, and have determined that a person's blood cells are not exactly the same.
Source: Global Science.