What is the nature of quantum mechanics using wave functions to describe microscopic objects Wave functions?

The development of quantum mechanics has been going on for a hundred years, but as one of the core of its theory, the wave function, its essence is still a hundred years of mystery. the theory of
wave function has spawned high-tech technologies such as lasers, semiconductors and nuclear energy, which have profoundly changed the way of life in humans.
but over the years, physicists have come up with assumptions and interpretations of wave functions and designed experiments to verify them, but there has been no consensus.
the most mainstream of these sounds, the wave function is only a mathematical description, used to calculate the probability of a microscopic object appearing somewhere.
but recently the team led by Long Guilu, a professor of physics at Tsinghua University, came up with a completely different view, arguing that wave functions are the real existence of microscopic objects.
there is a world: Lushan Taoist's wall-piercing is possible, the earth under your feet is no longer solid, even the objective reality of the world has disappeared, everything to be explained by probability.
this is the world of quantum mechanics.
different from the macro-world we perceive every day, quantum mechanics depicts the microworld. One of the theoretical cores of
quantum mechanics is the use of wave functions to describe the quantum state of microscopic objects.
however, despite the development of quantum mechanics for a hundred years, the nature of wave function sision remains an open mystery.
, Professor Long Guilu of Tsinghua University, as the first and first and author of the newsletter, in the 2018 issue of the third issue of "Chinese Science: Physics mechanics astronomy" published a study, for us to open the mystery of wave function.
two-seam experiment One of the first strange things to show in the quantum world first came to see one of the strange things that the quantum world first showed us, and that was the famous double-seam experiment.
If there is a big yellow duck swinging up and down in the pool, causing the periodic ripples to spread outwards.
a distance, the ripples hit a bezel with a seam in the middle, and behind the bezel, a detection screen was set up to record the data of the waves passing through the gap.
waves begin to drift around after passing through the gap, recording a bright streak opposite the gap line on the detection screen.
what effect would it have if the water wave hit two gaps? We added another gap to the bezel, and something different happened: ripples through the two crevices began to overlay with each other, creating a series of bright and dark streaks on the detection screen, a beautiful pattern known as the "interference map."
" two column waves with the same frequency overlay, which increases vibration in certain areas, decreases vibration in some areas, and areas where vibrations are reinforced and areas with decreased vibrations alternately arranged in space.
this phenomenon is called wave interference.
," Professor Long Guilu told Science and Technology Daily.
the formation of a series of light and dark alternating interference map, because in some places, a gap rippled peak just on the other, resulting in a more intense peak, and if two troughs of the valley superimposed will lead to more intense sinking, this phenomenon is called "phase-length interference."
But when one wave's peak meets another, they cancel each other out and calm the water down, which is "interference."
"any type of wave should produce a similar interference graph, such as water waves, sound waves, and light waves."
," Long said.
Interference Stripes One of the craziest experimental results of physics, British physicist Thomas Young first observed the double-seam interference of light in 1801, a beam of light through two very narrow gaps produced several light and dark streaks, alternating on the screen between phase length and phase-cancelling interference areas.
we know that light waves are made up of a large number of "photons" or "quantum sons of light", and in the case of bright light, light is a beam of electromagnetic waves.
so that when a beam of light passes through two crevices, it interferes with each other after the seam, creating an interference streak.
but here we will see one of the craziest experimental results in physics.
we emit only one photon at a time, and we have ruled out the interaction of two photons.
, however, in this case, after a long build-up, the interference streaks will still appear.
each photon reaches the screen with only one bright spot.
the first photon is detected at a specific location on the screen, as is the second, third, and fourth, each photon will produce a bright spot on the screen that shows the characteristics of the particles.
But if you continue to emit a single photon, after elongating enough individual photons, they form an interference streak on the screen.
Although we don't know what point each photon will fall on the screen or where the next photon will fall, each photon must be in the place where it interferes with the stripe highlight sits on the screen, and does not fall where it interferes with the dark spot, which eventually presents the interference stripe.
photons are not the only particles that do this, emit a single electron through a pair of gaps, it will also fall on the screen, emit a lot of electrons, will form the same interference streaks, and even with a large molecule containing thousands of atoms, electrons, nuclei to do double slit experiments, can be observed this strange phenomenon.
at this point, each photon, electron, or atom shows the interfering nature of the waves as it passes through a double slit, which shows the volatility of the microscopic particles, and what we see on the screen is a bright spot and a particle nature.
we call the wonderful properties of microscopic particles, both volatile and particle-like, wave-particle dilike.
multiple interpretations of different descriptions of the essence of wave functionquantum mechanics refer to the function that describes the state of microscopic particles as wave functions.
double-seam experiment, at both ends of the experiment we know the position of the particles, the particles from where we put a single photon laser or electron gun, and a certain position on the screen is detected, so the particles seem to be more grain-like at both ends, and the showofous interference is similar to fluctuations in the middle.
what exactly did the photongos go through from emission to detection? What role does wave function play? This involves the basic question of quantum mechanics: What is the essence of wave functions? There are now many interpretations of wave functions that describe this process differently.
Copenhagen probability wave interpretation of Bonn, Heisenberg and Bohr's Support for Copenhagen interpretation, is now the mainstream.
" Copenhagen interpretation holds that wave functions have no physical essence, but only a mathematical description, used to calculate the probability of microscopic objects appearing in a certain place, as long as the results of the calculations are consistent with the results of the experiment.
," Long said.
Copenhagen interpretation, when measuring microscopic particles, microscopic particles are converted from a variety of possibilities to a specific state, and the state transformation of the system occurs instantaneously, which is called "wave function collapse".
exactly which state the particles transition to is completely random.
de Broue's interpretation of the navigation wave theory was first proposed by the French theoretical physicist DeBroy in 1927.
American physicist Bohm took over in 1952 and studied until his death in 1992.
thetheory is also known as the Debroy-Bom theory.
" Debroi navigation wave interpretation holds that the wave function is a guide wave, and that particles follow the guidance of this wave function, that is, the position of the particle walking is guided by a wave function.
," Long said.
in de Broich-Bom theory, electrons always have a definite position, even if it cannot be detected by the observer. the position of the
electrons is guided by the navigation wave.
an electron can pass through one gap, but the navigation wave can pass through both gaps at the same time.
the interference of the navigation wave produces an interference graph on the detection screen.
Everett's multi-world interpretation theory was proposed by American physicist Hugh Everett.
Long Guilu, the multi-world theory holds that when particles pass through the double seams, there are two different worlds, in which the particles pass through the gap on the left, while in the other, the particles pass through the gap on the right.
wave function does not need to "collapse" to randomly choose whether left or right, in fact, both may occur.
it's just that it manifests itself in two worlds: people living in one world find that particles pass through the gap on the left, and people living in another world observe particles on the right.
that is, the moment the particles pass through the double seams create multiple parallel universes, each corresponding to a possibility.
because we just happen to live in one of the parallel universes, only one result has been observed.
Source: Science Daily.