What progress has been made in embryo-related research in mid-2016?

Embryo-related research has become a hot topic this year, and breakthroughs have attracted a lot of attention.
Science magazine published five "Technological Breakthroughs of the Year" by the end of the year, out of 11,000 reader votes.
in vitro embryo development for the first time than 13 days a week is one of five.
"2016 International Top 10 Science and Technology News Interpretation" is that the human embryo gene editing experiment has been approved for the first time.
the progress of embryo-related research in mid-2016 is shared below by the editor-in-chief.
of the five breakthroughs, Nature, etc.: in vitro culture of human embryos has reached the legal limit Self-organization of the vitro attachedhuman embryo Self-organization of the human embryo inthe of the external of maternal tissues human embryo development research has reached a milestone breakthrough.
research team at Rockefeller University in the United States and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom published articles on May 4th, respectively, saying that human embryos 13 days after fertilization had been successfully cultivated in the laboratory, breaking the previous nine-day record.
this achievement has led scientists to discover new aspects of early human development, including unseeded features in human embryos.
technology can help determine why some people fail to get pregnant.
many countries and scientific groups banned research on human embryos for more than 14 days, and with that in perspective, the researchers ended their experiments before that point in time.
of the top 10 news in the world the world's first "officially approved" human embryo editing or adoption, the preferred direction is to improve infertility treatment! CrispR, the hottest gene-editing technique, may soon be used in human embryo research, Science and the BBC website reported.
January 14th a UK regulatory committee will assess a world-famous application by researchers at the Francis Crick Institute in London to use CRISPR technology to remove the developmental genes in day-old embryos.
press conference the same day, kathy Niakan, the applicant, laid out the rationale behind her proposed study, which she hopes will one day improve infertility treatment.
On February 1 this year, the UK's Artificial Insemination and Embryology Authority (HFEA) issued a statement "allowing Dr Cathy of the Francis Crick Institute in London to renew his laboratory licence for research, including gene editing of embryos", for the first time approved "the use of gene editing techniques in human embryos".
In May, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR), the largest international academic body in stem cell research, launched guidelines that, at its core, include special "embryo research supervision" procedures for all studies involving artificial manipulation of human embryos;The two bodies, with their clear flags and forward-looking responses, have eased the concerns of the international community while urging relevant research to be conducted in accordance with scientific norms.
there's one or two advances in gene editing in embryos? The world's second case of human embryo gene editing appeared in China's Inroducing precise genetic modificationsinto human 3PN embryos by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing Recently, Chinese researchers published a study on human embryo gene editing, so that scientists around the world's nerves are once again provoked.
the study was carried out by a research team led by Fan Yong of the Third Hospital affiliated with Guangzhou Medical University.
although the paper was published in the journal Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, an academic journal unfamiliar to the general public with no more than 2 influence factors, it attracted international attention from top academic journals and the media.
science heavyweight: CRISPR "straight hit" embryo growth process, the next step may be cancer! In a study published in Science on May 26th, Alexander Schier, a developmental biologist at Harvard University, and his colleagues de designed a new way to tag and track cells in developing animals.
first test, researchers used CRISPR technology to reveal a surprising finding that many tissues and organs in adult zebrafish are formed from just a few embryonic cells.
scientists call the new technology GESTALT, which promises to help shed light on the process by which single cells eventually develop into animals, and to reveal important issues in cancer research, such as how many prescellular cells cause tumors and how diffuse cancer cells are associated with the initial tumor.
break the taboo! Swedish scientists pioneered the use of CRISPSR to edit healthy human embryos Editing human embryos is one of the most controversial applications of CIRSPR, a disruptive technology.
the field has been calming down for some time after Chinese scientists published the world's first paper on gene-edited human embryos and britain was the first to approve the editing of human embryo research.
, Swedish scientist Fredrik Lanner has begun editing healthy human embryos, according to Science's website.
specifically, he will explore the role of genes in early development by "turning off" some of the genes in the embryo.
Research Cell: The day after fertilized eggs develop, the timing of differential differentiation in embryonic cell differentiation has been unknown for embryonic cell differentiation in Heterogeneity in Oct4 and Sox2 TargetsBiases Cell Fate in 4-Cell Mouse Embryos cells.
study published in Cell on March 24th revealed differences in gene expression within cells as early as the second day of fertilized egg development, the four-cell embryonic stage.
, the expression differences between the downstream genes Sox21, the key genes that regulate the erpotent and self-renewal functions of embryonic stem cells, are particularly significant.
when sox21 gene expression activity decreases, the downstream gene network that regulates cell development into the placenta is activated.
Nature reveals that scientists at asymmetrictric division of contractile domainscouples cells and fate specification European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) have found that the secret to cells in embryos becoming part of a baby's body rather than the placenta is to contract and continue dancing to a greater extent.
, published today in the journal Nature, could one day have an impact on assisted reproduction.
scientists have found that whether cells move to the middle or remain on the surface in mouse embryos depends on how strongly it contracts.
combined with computer modeling and experiments in the lab, the scientists determined that cells that moved in china contracted at least 1.5 times more intensely than their neighbors.
so why do some cells contract more than others? EmBL scientists found that the answer was that they accepted an uneaseable genetic material: different amounts of apical proteins, molecules that prevent cells from contracting.
AJHG: The Wang Lei Task Force at Fudan University found that the disease-caused gene Mutations in PADI6 Cause Female Actuation by Early Embryonic Arrest on August 19th, the Wang Lei Task Force at Fudan University published its latest research results in the internationally renowned journal Human Genetics, revealing that the disease-caused gene of early human embryos, PADI6, has advanced the understanding of the mechanism of early embryo stoppage and the corresponding diseases.
study, researchers found pure and complex mutations in the PAID6 gene in three recessive genetic family systems.
PADI6 protein is an important component of the cortical maternal complex (Subcortical M Complex, SCMC), and the gene knock-out mouse model of multiple members of the cortical maternal complex has been shown as a esoteric form of early embryo sterilization.
Xu Guoliang, a member of the Academy of Sciences, tweeted, cracking the secret behind embryonic development TET-mediated DNA demethylation controlsgastrulation by deseration Lefty-Nodal signaling October 19, Nature magazine Xu Guoliang's paper, published online, proves for the first time that DNA methylation and oxidation modification play an important role in the embryonic development process in mice, reveals the mechanism of metaphysical regulation of key signaling path paths in embryonic development, and provides a new understanding of developmental biology.
in this study, the team of scientists found that DNA demethylation mediated by TET dioxygenase worked in cooperation with MEXylation mediated by DNMT to control embryonic primary intestinal movement in mice by regulating the Lofty-Nodal signaling path path.
PNAS in the field of reproduction: cracking the mystery of in-body fertilization embryo defects Micronucleus formation causes perpetualunilateral chromosome inheritance in mouse embryos When a sperm and an egg are fertilized in a test tube, the embryos obtained are often defective.
study, published January 4 in the journal PNAS, researchers at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM) in Canada found an important element in understanding "how these abnormalities occur in developing embryos."
researchers found that in mouse-developed embryos, cells containing the wrong number of chromosomes split and continued through microkernels (detailed).
Nature sub-journal: Early embryo abnormalities do not necessarily affect the health of offspring Mouse model of chromosome mosaicism revealslineage-specific depletion of aneuploid cells and normal developmentalpotentials On March 29, researchers at the University of Cambridge showed in Nature Communications that abnormal early embryo cells do not necessarily mean that newborns must carry congenital defects, such as Down syndrome.
have shown that abnormal cells in the early stages of an embryo can be eliminated by apoptosis and replaced by healthy cells, which in many cases completely repair the embryo.
real case: a quarter of placental cell abnormalities can give birth to healthy babies.
By mixing 8-cell embryos containing normal cells with embryos with abnormal cells, the scientists built a model of non-whole-body mice and found that normal cells replaced apoptosis abnormal cells and eventually normaled the cells of the entire embryo.
18-year-old baby was born on June 27th, china's most "antifreeze" baby was born, according to the China Youth Daily.
When China's most "antifreeze" baby was still an embryo, he had been quietly "sleeping" for 18 years at the Shanghai Intensive Care Genetics and Infertility Clinic, an affiliated obstetrics and gynecology hospital affiliated with Fudan University, until early November last year, when he was "awakened" by the center's doctors and successfully transplanted.
THE NEJM heavyweight results! Shanda Chen Zijiang team for the first time proved that frozen embryo transfer live yield is higher Fresh versus Frozen Embryos for Infertilityin the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome August 11, Shandong University Vice President, Director of the Center for Reproductive Medicine Research Professor Chen Zijiang task force in the New England Medical Compared with fresh-cycle embryo transfer, embryo post-freeze transfer can significantly improve the live birth rate of newborns, which marks a major breakthrough in clinical treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, and provides a scientific basis for the safety and reliability of the application of clinical assisted reproductive technology's whole embryo freezing strategy, which is of great significance.
Embryonic Stem Cell Nature: New embryonic stem cells, only half of the genome Derivation and differentiation of haploidhuman embryonic stem cells are a basic genetic trait of mammals, and heploid cells tend to appear only in reproductive cells.
a study published March 16 in the journal Nature.