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Whether this kind of exercise + weight loss commonly used supplements can reduce fat is difficult to say, but it can damage blood vessels!

 Last Update: 2022-04-24
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

Research Process

Between February 18, 2015, and January 6, 2017, 89 participants were randomly assigned to receive LC, while 88 were randomized to receive placebo (N = 177) (Figure 1)
.

Follow-up was 6 months after randomization

Between February 18, 2015, and January 6, 2017, 89 participants were randomly assigned to receive LC, while 88 were randomized to receive placebo (N = 177) (Figure 1)

participant characteristics

The two groups of participants were well balanced on all characteristics, although the proportion of women in the intervention group was slightly higher than in the placebo group (33.

7% women and 25.

The two groups of participants were well balanced on all characteristics, although the proportion of women in the intervention group was slightly higher than in the placebo group (33.

Both groups were well balanced with regard to concomitant cardiac medications (statins [95% of participants], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, antiplatelet, anticoagulant) blood, diabetes medications, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, anti-angina, and NSAIDs), while more subjects in the placebo group were taking receptor blockers (49% vs 33%), taking Fewer subjects were on blockers (7% vs 12%)

compliance

Adherence to study treatment was similar in both groups, with mean adherence across all 6 months of 95.
4% and 95.
7% in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively
.

Over 80% of compliance rates were within 2% across all months; 92.
0% to 96.
0% for the intervention group and 93.
9% to 97.
6% for the placebo group
.

Adherence to study treatment was similar in both groups, with mean adherence across all 6 months of 95.
4% and 95.
7% in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively
.
Over 80% of compliance rates were within 2% across all months; 92.
0% to 96.
0% for the intervention group and 93.
9% to 97.
6% for the placebo group
.

safety

Known LC adverse reactions documented include: gastrointestinal symptoms, fishy odor, and seizures
.
Adverse events collected included: angina (variation in frequency), stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiac revascularization, cerebral revascularization, peripheral revascularization, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (only).
limited to new diagnoses)
.
There were no significant differences in adverse reactions or adverse events between the two groups at any time point
.
No seizures occurred
.

Serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected at each visit
.
A total of 7 participants had serious adverse events (4 in the intervention group and 3 in the placebo group)
.
Only one SAE was considered 'unlikely' to be related to the intervention, the rest were considered 'unrelated'
.
SAEs considered "unlikely related" were in the placebo group
.

result

result result

Baseline plaque burden was well balanced between the two groups
.
Absolute and percent changes in plaque variables were calculated from baseline to month 6 (Table 2)
.
Figure 2 shows examples of quantification methods for TPV and stenosis
.
There were no statistically significant differences in absolute or percent change in TPV between the two groups
.
However, there was a statistically significant between-group difference in increased carotid plaque stenosis (significant progression)
.
Specifically, the % change in the LC intervention group was 9.
3% greater than in the placebo group (p = 0.
02), which corresponds to an absolute between-group difference of 2.
7% ( p = 0.
03 ) .

Baseline plaque burden was well balanced between the two groups
.
Absolute and percent changes in plaque variables were calculated from baseline to month 6 (Table 2)
.
Figure 2 shows examples of quantification methods for TPV and stenosis
.
There were no statistically significant differences in absolute or percent change in TPV between the two groups
.
However, there was a statistically significant between-group difference in increased carotid plaque stenosis (significant progression)
.
There was a statistically significant between-group difference in increased carotid plaque stenosis (significant progression)
.
Specifically, the % change in the LC intervention group was 9.
3% greater than that in the placebo group (p = 0.
02), which corresponds to an absolute between-group difference of 2.
7% ( p p = 0.
03 ) .

Clinical characteristics and biochemical values were compared at baseline and at 6 months, and median changes were calculated
.
Significant changes in total carnitine, free carnitine, magnesium, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and meat consumption were
found between the two groups from baseline to 6 months difference .
However, after adjusting for multiple results, only total carnitine, free carnitine (due to LC supplementation) and magnesium change maintained a false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.
05
.

Subgroup analyses were performed to determine whether the treatment effect of LC on TPV or maximal area stenosis varied by red meat consumption, baseline stenosis, baseline TPV, recruitment site, gender, or eGFR
.
There were no significant between-group differences in TPV in any subgroup (data not shown)
.
Compared with the placebo group, those who ate less red meat (percentage difference 15.
2%; p = 0.
01 ), had lower baseline TPV (15.
8%; p = 0.
01 ), were male (9.
4%; p = 0.
046 ) and had a high eGFR Among patients (11.
3%; p = 0.
01 ), the LC group had a significantly higher rate of stenosis (percentage difference, 15.
2%; p = 0.
01) .
However, the test of treatment group by subgroup interaction was not statistically significant ( Figure 3 ) .

Subgroup analyses were performed to determine whether the treatment effect of LC on TPV or maximal area stenosis varied by red meat consumption, baseline stenosis, baseline TPV, recruitment site, gender, or eGFR
.
There were no significant between-group differences in TPV in any subgroup (data not shown)
.
Compared with the placebo group, eating less red meat (percentage difference 15.
2%; p p = 0.
01 ), lower baseline TPV (15.
8%; p p = 0.
01 ), being male (9.
4%; p p = 0.
046 ) and In patients with high eGFR (11.
3%; p p = 0.
01 ), the LC group had a significantly higher rate of stenosis (percentage difference, 15.
2%; p = 0.
01) .
However, the test of treatment group by subgroup interaction was not statistically significant ( Figure 3 ) .

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in adults with MetS is the first to directly demonstrate measurable progression in the degree of atherosclerotic carotid plaque stenosis following carnitine supplementation over a 6-month period .
Although no changes in total plaque volume were observed in participants who received LC for 6 months, secondary analyses showed greater progression of carotid stenosis after LC supplementation compared with placebo .
Participants with low meat intake had a greater adverse response to LC than those with high meat intake .

No previous study has evaluated the direct effect of LC treatment on atherosclerotic plaque; however, other recent studies have indirectly demonstrated an adverse association between LC and cardiovascular risk factors
.
Given the widespread use of carnitine and its unregulated use in the general population, this well-conducted clinical trial has important implications for cardiovascular risk in the population
.

The global supplement industry is estimated to be worth nearly $300 billion, with nearly half of U.
S.
adults reporting taking at least one vitamin or supplement, many without any specific clinician recommendation
.
People often consume LC to increase energy or build muscle strength
.
However, that doesn't mean it's necessarily benign or free of side effects
.
Although secondary outcomes should be interpreted with caution, as the overall results of the primary outcome were not significant, the findings of this study suggest that LC supplementation may lead to worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, LDL-C) and progression of atherosclerosis (ie, stenosis )
.
This has raised concerns about the use of these supplements, especially in patients at high cardiovascular risk, such as those with MetS
.

The global supplement industry is estimated to be worth nearly $300 billion, with nearly half of U.
S.
adults reporting taking at least one vitamin or supplement, many without any specific clinician recommendation
.
People often consume LC to increase energy or build muscle strength
.
However, that doesn't mean it's necessarily benign or free of side effects
.
That doesn't mean it's necessarily benign or free of side effects
.
Although secondary outcomes should be interpreted with caution, as the overall results of the primary outcome were not significant, the findings of this study suggest that LC supplementation may lead to worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, LDL-C) and progression of atherosclerosis (ie, stenosis )
.
This has raised concerns about the use of these supplements, especially in patients at high cardiovascular risk, such as those with MetS
.

Original source:

Johri AM, Hétu MF, Heyland DK, et al.
Progression of atherosclerosis with carnitine supplementation: a randomized controlled trial in the metabolic syndrome.
Nutr Metab (Lond) .
2022;19:26.
Published 2022 Apr 2.
doi:10.
1186/s12986 -022-00661-9

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