Why can eat less be more "life"? Not only have scientists discovered potential mechanisms, but they have also come up with new ways to slow aging

Original title: Why eat less can be more "life"? Not only have scientists identified potential mechanisms, but they have also led to new ways to slow aging
reducing food intake, or
diet
restrictions, which have been shown to extend the lives of many species, including rodents, primates, and humans, causing widespread health improvements during aging. Dietary restrictions maintain health that includes the brain, bones, muscles, internal organs, and fat. However, these positive effects, especially for the potential molecular mechanisms behind extended life, remain a mystery.
a new study published this year in Nature's new issue of Nature Aging, a team from the
Germany
Max Planck Institute for Aging
Biology
gives us a possible explanation: they found a
protein called Sestrin

in
fruit flies that guides the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions. By increasing the levels of Sestrin
protein
in fruit flies, researchers can extend their lifespan while protecting them from shorter life expectancy caused by a high-protein diet. Further studies have also shown that Sestrin protein plays a key role
stem cell
in the fruit fly's intestines, thereby improving the overall health of the fruit fly.
on Sestrin protein, a study published earlier this year in Nature Communications showed that it can have a variety of health effects in fruit flies and mice. The study found that even in motionless fruit flies were able to exercise more than those trained when the Sestrin protein was expressed in the muscles of normal fruit flies and called the highest level. Therefore, Sestrin protein is not simple.
back to dietary restrictions. Under normal circumstances, the fact that reducing food intake is good for your health has long been known. It has recently become increasingly clear that limiting certain food ingredients, especially specific proteins and amino acids (including methionine, resine, isolycine and proline), is more important than reducing total calories, in addition to extending life.
at the molecular level, a special signaling pathway (TOR pathway) is known to be essential for extending the life of organisms.
"We wanted to know which factor was responsible for measuring nutrients in cells, especially amino acids, and how that factor affected the TOR pathway," explained Dr. Jio
ngming Lu of the Max Planck Institute for Aging Biology, lead author of the study. We looked at the Sestrin protein, which is thought to be sensitive to amino acids. However, no one has yet demonstrated the amino acid sensing function of Sestrin protein in living organisms. In
to determine the role of Sestrin protein in amino acid sensing in the body, the researchers studied it using Sestrin's mutant Sesn3F6 fruit fly. In fruit flies, the life expectancy of dietary restrictions is almost always regulated by limiting the essential amino acids in the diet.
. Linda Partridge of the Max Planck Institute for Aging Biology and author of the study, said: "Our study of fruit flies shows that Sestrin protein is a potentially new anti-aging factor. It can bind to specific amino acids. When we inhibit this binding, the activity of the TOR signaling pathway in the fruit fly decreases and the life span of the fruit fly increases. In a protein-rich diet, Sesn3F6 fruit flies that were unable to bind amino acids showed improved health. It
note that if the researchers increased the levels of Sestrin protein in the gut stem cells of fruit flies, they would live about 10 percent longer than the control group. In addition, only increasing Sestrin levels in intestinal stem cells can also prevent the negative effects of a protein-rich diet.
we're curious if the Sestrin protein functions in the human body similar to that of fruit flies," lu said. Mouse experiments have shown that Sestrin protein can have a variety of health effects from exercise. Therefore, drugs that increase the activity of Sestrin protein are expected to become a new way to slow aging in the future. Link
paper: