Why is the new crown vaccination for children aged 3-11 years late?

Only for medical professionals to read and reference.
Child protection should not be underestimated.
With the end of autumn and the colder weather, the new crown epidemic has repeatedly appeared in some areas.
Unlike previous years, most of us have been vaccinated against the new crown.
This year In winter, facing the new crown epidemic may be more calm in my heart
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According to data from the National Health Commission, as of October 26, 2021, 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have reported a total of 2.
251 billion doses of new coronavirus vaccine
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Beginning in late July, many places have started vaccinations against the new crown for people aged 12-17 years
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According to the unified deployment of the national and provincial joint prevention and control mechanisms, Changsha City, Hunan Province has launched free vaccination of the new crown virus for people aged 3 to 11 on October 25, and then many places have begun to deploy new crown virus vaccination for people under 12 years of age
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Faced with 3 to 11-year-old children being vaccinated with the new crown vaccine, more parents will be more concerned about the safety of the vaccine.
After all, children belong to a special population, especially children in the lower age group, which are still quite different from adults
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Yesterday there was a parent consultation: Now the school has allowed children aged 3 to 11 to sign up for the new crown vaccine, should I vaccinate my child? Is it safe to vaccinate children with the new crown vaccine? Doesn't it mean that children are not susceptible to new coronary pneumonia, can they not be vaccinated? The editor today sorted out a few issues that parents are concerned about, hoping to help you anxious parents
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 Is it true that a child is not susceptible to infection? Do I need to be vaccinated against the new crown? With the advancement of vaccination work, the new crown vaccination rate for people over 12 years old has been very high.
At the end of summer and autumn, the weather gradually turns cooler and there are more and more respiratory diseases.
However, the proportion of children under 12 years old who receive the new crown vaccine is still Very low
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Although, in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, the risk of pediatric patients developing severe illness is lower, but for COVID-19, the population is generally susceptible, including children
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As a special population, children have the following characteristics [1]
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1.
The proportion of children with asymptomatic infection is relatively high, with mild symptoms and poor specificity.
It is not easy to distinguish from the high-incidence respiratory diseases in children such as upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, and pneumonia, and it is easy to cause crowd transmission
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2.
Children's compliance with protective measures such as wearing masks and hand disinfection is worse than that of adults, especially young children
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3.
Children infected with the new crown virus are more likely to have bacterial infections, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, etc.
In addition, the proportion of minors diagnosed in both foreign and domestic countries has increased significantly
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National Health Commission spokesperson Mi Feng once said that in the recent epidemic, cluster infections in homes, restaurants, schools and other places were obvious, and more than one-third of the confirmed cases were elderly and minors
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The previous epidemic in Guangzhou has also confirmed this: the number of children infected with the new crown has increased compared with the past
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Figure 1 Therefore, children are at a high risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus.
After infection, they are likely to be asymptomatic, with mild symptoms, difficult to distinguish, and easier to spread silently to others
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Someone likened that placing an unvaccinated child in a public environment is like a soldier without body armor standing in a rain of bullets
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The vaccine is like a protective umbrella, so that our children can be better protected
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 Why is the vaccination of children late? On July 16th, the official WeChat account of China National Biotech announced that after a demonstration organized by the relevant departments of the State Council’s joint prevention and control mechanism, the new coronavirus inactivated vaccine of the Beijing Institute of Biological Products of Sinopharm Group was approved for emergency use in people aged 3-17
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China's new crown inactivated vaccine was officially approved for emergency use in this age group
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This is already through the efforts of all parties to speed up the progress of the process
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 Zhang Yuntao, chief scientist and vice president of Sinopharm China Biotechnology, said that children and adolescents are the key populations for the construction of immune barriers, and the safety of vaccines is the most important consideration in clinical trials for such populations, which is why 3 to 17 years old Reasons for the "final" use of the new crown vaccine in the age group
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During the growth and development of adolescents, people aged 3 to 17 have a process of gradual improvement of the immune system
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Only after the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine are verified by adults and the elderly, is it considered to be promoted to children and adolescents.
This approach is a responsible attitude
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 3.
How safe and effective is the children's new crown vaccine? On June 28, "The Lancet · Infectious Diseases" published the results of a phase I/II clinical trial of Kexingxin crown vaccine completed in Hebei Province, China for children and adolescents aged 3-17 years [2]
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This is the world's first release of clinical safety and immunogenicity data on the new crown vaccine for children and adolescents aged 3 years and older
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Figure 2 The safety test is divided into two dose groups, 1.
5μg group, 3.
0μg group and negative control group (only aluminum hydroxide adjuvant)
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The severity of most adverse reactions is mild (grade 1) and moderate (grade 2)
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Only two (<1%) of 550 patients had Grade 3 adverse reactions
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Most adverse reactions occurred within 7 days after vaccination, and participants recovered within 48 hours
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The most common reactions are pain at the injection site (incidence is about 13%) and fever (5%)
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The results in Figure 3 show that the incidence of adverse reactions in different dose groups is similar, indicating that there are no safety issues related to dose
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Most reactions are mild to moderate in severity and are short-lived
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Pain at the injection site is the most reported symptom, similar to the results of studies in adults and the elderly
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However, the test sample size is limited, and some adverse reactions may only occur during mass vaccination.
Therefore, it is necessary to screen for contraindications and emergency treatment after adverse reactions occur when children are vaccinated
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  Effectiveness 28 days after the second dose of vaccine, both dose groups can produce higher levels of antibodies
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Among them, the antibody production rate of the 3.
0 μg group was 100% in each age group
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 Figure 4 Wang Huaqing, chief expert of the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's immunization program, said: The incidence of adverse reactions to the new crown vaccine in adolescents is not higher than that of adults
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 Figure 5 Four is allergies a contraindication to vaccination? In the early stage of vaccination, due to lack of data, the UK listed previous vaccines, drug or food allergies as contraindications for vaccination, but after three weeks, the recommendation was cancelled due to the good safety of vaccination data [4]
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The U.
S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.
S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have never listed allergies, food and drug allergies as contraindications for vaccination, but it is recommended to observe for a long time after vaccination, and Ensure that all vaccination centers have trained staff and rescue facilities [5]
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 So far, allergies to food, insect venom, drugs, or inhaled allergens are not included as contraindications for the COVID-19 vaccine, and patients with allergic rhinitis or controlled asthma have not shown any higher risk [6 ]
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A prospective study [7] showed that 131 patients with previous severe allergic reactions, except for 2 female patients who were not vaccinated due to special reasons, among the other 129 patients who received the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, one had Women with severe asthma developed rhinitis and skin rashes, and none of the other vaccinations had serious adverse reactions
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However, the number of vaccinators included in the study was limited and all were adult patients
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 Therefore, whether children with allergies can be vaccinated still needs to be rigorously evaluated.
Based on the current evidence, there is no significant difference in the risk of adverse reactions among people with allergies compared with other populations, and allergies are not vaccinated.
Vaccines are absolutely contraindications, but more clinical data are needed to support [8], and whether or not to be vaccinated still needs to be rigorously evaluated and screened
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However, several situations pointed out in the "Expert Consensus on Children's New Coronary Vaccination" can be used for reference
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(Previous link: Can children with allergies be vaccinated? Things to know before children's new crown vaccination) Carrying out new crown virus vaccination for children is an important part of strengthening the immune barrier of the entire population
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On the one hand, children's vaccination against the new coronavirus can effectively reduce the risk of illness, severe illness and death; on the other hand, it can establish an immune barrier among children, block the spread of the new coronavirus, and ensure the normal operation of children's learning and life
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 management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines.
Allergy.
2021;76:1629–1639.
[7] Rojas-Pérez-EzquerraP.
, Crespo Quirós J.
, TorneroMolina P.
, ,et al.
Safety of new mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 in severelyallergic patients.
J.
Investig.
Allergol.
Clin.
Immunol.
2021;31:180–181.
[8] Liotti L, Bianchi A, Bottau P, Caimmi S,et al.
COVID-19 Vaccinesin Children with Cow's Milk and Food Allergies.
Nutrients.
2021 Jul30;13(8):2637.
Source of this article: Pediatric Channel of the Medical Circle Author of this article: Little Pill Editor: CiCi recommends reading Can children with allergies be vaccinated? What do you need to know before children's new crown vaccination? What is the difference between American children's new crown vaccination and China? Why did this little boy sit up screaming in the middle of the night? 9 cases of vomiting in 6 children's specialists in 9 visits! (Part 1) The medical community strives for the accuracy and reliability of its published content when it is reviewed and approved, but it does not make any promises or guarantees on the timeliness of the published content, and the accuracy and completeness of the cited information (if any).
Take any responsibility for the fact that the content is out of date, the cited information may be inaccurate or incomplete, etc.
Investig.
Allergol.
Clin.
Immunol.
2021;31:180–181.
[8] Liotti L, Bianchi A, Bottau P, Caimmi S,et al.
COVID-19 Vaccinesin Children with Cow's Milk and Food Allergies.
Nutrients.
2021 Jul30 ;13(8):2637.
Source of this article: Pediatric Channel of the Medical Circle Author of this article: Xiao Pill Editor in charge: CiCi recommended reading Can children with allergies be vaccinated? What do you need to know before children's new crown vaccination? What is the difference between American children's new crown vaccination and China? Why did this little boy sit up screaming in the middle of the night? 9 cases of vomiting in 6 children's specialists in 9 visits! (Part 1) The medical community strives for the accuracy and reliability of its published content when it is reviewed and approved, but it does not make any promises or guarantees on the timeliness of the published content, and the accuracy and completeness of the cited information (if any).
Take any responsibility for the fact that the content is out of date, the cited information may be inaccurate or incomplete, etc.
Investig.
Allergol.
Clin.
Immunol.
2021;31:180–181.
[8] Liotti L, Bianchi A, Bottau P, Caimmi S,et al.
COVID-19 Vaccinesin Children with Cow's Milk and Food Allergies.
Nutrients.
2021 Jul30 ;13(8):2637.
Source of this article: Pediatric Channel of the Medical Circle Author of this article: Xiao Pill Editor in charge: CiCi recommended reading Can children with allergies be vaccinated? What do you need to know before children's new crown vaccination? What is the difference between American children's new crown vaccination and China? Why did this little boy sit up screaming in the middle of the night? 9 visits to the doctor, stumped 6 cases of vomiting in children's specialties! (Part 1) The medical community strives for the accuracy and reliability of its published content when it is reviewed and approved, but it does not make any promises or guarantees on the timeliness of the published content, and the accuracy and completeness of the cited information (if any).
Take any responsibility for the fact that the content is out of date, the cited information may be inaccurate or incomplete, etc.

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Relevant parties are requested to check separately when adopting or using this as a basis for decision-making
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