Wonderful review of the application and prospects of CAR-T cell technology in the functional cure of AIDS

Recent popular reports by Yimike★BPID 2021 DAY 2Wonderful review of the 3rd Global Biomedicine CDMO Development Summit ★Heavy! The results of the first clinical trial of in vivo gene editing in children announcedMedClub broke the news October 26, 2021 Thermo Fisher Scientific) brought a live online class with the theme of "Application and Prospects of CAR-T Cell Technology in Functional Cure of AIDS"
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In this class, Thermo Fisher’s special guest Dr.
Zhang Hui, Director of the Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, shared with you the current status of global AIDS treatment, the design and optimization strategies of CAR-T targeting AIDS, and preliminary Research data
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Dr.
Zhang Hui’s lecture mainly included: ☑ Current status of HIV treatment ☑ Principles of CAR-T treatment of HIV ☑ CAR-T design and optimization strategies targeting AIDS ☑ CAR-T treatment of HIV preliminary research data scan the QR code, return Looking at the course, there are currently more than 37 million people infected with HIV globally, and about 1 million people are infected in China
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In recent years, the HIV infection rate of the Chinese population has continued to rise, and the number of deaths has been the first in the total number of deaths from infectious diseases in China for many years
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Now, the widespread application of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) has made AIDS a chronic disease in some developed countries, including most of our country
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But at present, there is no effective vaccine for HIV
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The emergence of patients in Berlin and London has made it possible to cure AIDS
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However, there are many problems in current AIDS treatment, among which the long-term existence of virus reservoirs has become a major problem
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HIV-1 has been mutated frequently and randomly integrated into the host genome during the course of many years.
It has great diversity, and it exists for a long time but is not expressed, forming a virus reservoir that is difficult to eradicate
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Because of the long-term existence of the virus reservoir, the patient must take the medicine for life, otherwise the viremia will rebound within 3-4 weeks
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Existing virus reservoir clearance strategies include replacing part or all of the immune system, "Shock and Kill" strategies, and "Block and lock" strategies, but the clinical treatment effects of the above measures are generally not satisfactory
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At present, the anti-HIV drugs on the market have amazing effects in controlling HIV, but not everyone has an effect, and there are side effects after use
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A small number of AIDS patients, known as elite controllers, have long attracted the attention of researchers: their immune systems can naturally suppress HIV for decades without drugs
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Therefore, scientists hope to provide HIV-infected patients with immune cells specifically targeting HIV, thereby creating an elite controller in the clinic
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Currently, immunotherapy for AIDS includes broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies, immune regulation, auto-adoptive specific T cells, and therapeutic vaccines
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Dr.
Zhang Hui's team envisioned the use of anti-HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cell expansion technology in vitro to achieve immunotherapy of AIDS
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Driven by this concept, the team of Dr.
Hui Zhang used HIV-1 gp120-specific CAR-T cells to clear the virus reservoir
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Preliminary data results show that CAR-T cells specifically kill HIV-1 gp120 expressing cells in vitro, and can effectively inhibit the latent HIV-1 virus rebound
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In 2017, the team cooperated with two clinical units to carry out related clinical trials
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The test results show that HIV-1 specific CAR-T cell therapy has good clinical safety.
CAR-T cells can survive for at least nine months after expansion in vivo
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Moreover, CAR-T cells exert selective pressure on the virus reservoir to drive the production of resistant strains, thereby reducing the virus reservoir in the patient
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Compared with antibodies, CAR-T cells have the ability of self-renewal and maintenance in the body without host rejection
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Its preparation time is relatively short, and the frequency of use is low, and the price is relatively cheap
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Therefore, CAR-T cell technology has great potential for functional cure of AIDS
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Based on the results of the experimental data analysis, Dr.
Zhang Hui believes that CAR-T cell technology is used to functionally cure AIDS and there are many directions worthy of efforts
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For more details, scan the QR code below to enter the course playback
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Scan the QR code and go back to the course.
Answer link 1 In the indications for HIV, what is the dose of CAR-T returned? Dr.
Zhang Hui: For the dose of CAR-T infusion, we have a dose climbing process, starting from the 6th power of 10, and going to the 8th power of 10, about 1-2 times to the 8th power of 10.
Up
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2 So far, it is extremely unlikely that 100% of CD8-positive T cells can be completely purified and isolated.
In the process of expanding T cells, it is very likely that CD4 impurities will be amplified together, which will cause the risk of HIV proliferation.
How to strictly control such a risk? Dr.
Zhang Hui: During this process, there may indeed be a small amount of CD4 remaining in it, but the key is that it is not so easy to amplify the virus.
In fact, sometimes it is very careful to specifically amplify the virus.
Unsuccessful
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Therefore, a good QC work is an indispensable key
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For more exciting questions and answers, scan the QR code below to enter the course playback! Scan the QR code and look back at the course.
In order to help the growth of talents in China's biomedicine industry, Emicter grandly launched the "Medical Class" column, sincerely inviting senior and authoritative experts in the biomedical industry to focus on the process of new drug research and development.
All kinds of problems in the pharmaceutical industry provide excellent courses for the vast number of pharmaceutical industry talents to see and learn immediately
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At present, more than 20 issues have been launched, and the number of online viewers is 3.
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