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World Tuberculosis Day | In recent years, scientists have made important progress in the field of tuberculosis research...

 Last Update: 2021-05-03
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March 24, 2021 is the 26th World Tuberculosis Day.

[1] Cell Host & Microbe: Scientists have discovered potential targets that are expected to help treat and control tuberculosis infection

doi: 10.

In this study, researchers used scRNAseq to conduct in-depth research on tuberculosis in macaques for the first time.

[2] Sci Rep: Scientists have discovered new features of tuberculosis

doi: 10.

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

[3] JBC: Scientists have identified new targets for developing tuberculosis drugs that are expected to overcome tuberculosis!

doi: 10.

Researcher Sun has been engaged in the study of the pathogenic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for more than 10 years.

[4] Nature: Blocking iron transport is expected to prevent tuberculosis

doi: 10.

All living things, including pathogens, need iron to survive.

[5] Nature: Identified a new molecular mechanism for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to inhibit host immunity

doi: 10.

In this study, the researchers reported a host body named E3 ubiquitin ligase ANAPC2, which is a core subunit of the late cell division promoting complex/cell cycle body, which can interact with the mycobacterial protein Rv0222.

[6] Science: A major breakthrough! Chinese scientists lead to reveal the mechanism of action of the anti-tuberculosis drug ethambutol

doi: 10.
1126/science.
aba910 2

In a new study, researchers from Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Nankai University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the University of Birmingham, and the University of Queensland in Australia provided new insights into how a key first-line drug kills tuberculosis bacilli.
This paved the way for the development of new antibiotic drugs against emerging strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The relevant research results are published in the Science journal.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with approximately 1.
5 million deaths every year, with particularly high incidences in India, China, and Indonesia.
In view of the emergence and proliferation of new strains including multi-drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanism of action of effective drugs against this disease.
The drug these researchers are studying is called ethambutol.
Since its discovery in 1961, this drug has been the main force in the fight against tuberculosis.
Still, the "mode of action" of the drug---the way it kills the bacteria--has not been fully confirmed by scientists.

[7] Cell: So cunning! Tuberculosis bacteria produce a molecule that triggers cough to promote self-transmission

doi: 10.
1016/j.
cell.
2020.
02.
026

In a new study, researchers from the University of Texas in the United States found that as a bacterium that causes fatal lung disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis seems to promote coughing by producing a molecule that triggers coughing.
Spread by itself.
This discovery may lead to the development of new ways to stop the spread of tuberculosis.
Related research results were recently published in the Cell journal.

People have known since ancient times that coughing is a major symptom of tuberculosis, and coughing makes the disease spread from person to person.
However, Dr.
Michael Shiloh, the corresponding author of the paper, said that the cause of tuberculosis-related cough is not yet known.
A popular hypothesis is that coughing is triggered by lung irritation and inflammation caused by infection, but this has not been confirmed.
Shiloh and his colleagues have a different idea: They speculate that as a bacterium that causes tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis itself may produce a substance that triggers nerves in the airway, which causes tuberculosis patients to cough, thereby allowing the disease to spread.
.

[8] J Infect Dis: New progress in the study of Mycobacterium

doi: 10.
1093/infdis/jiaa051

In September 2018, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released its "Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Research", which outlines research priorities for reducing and ultimately eliminating the burden of tuberculosis (TB).
Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that has claimed the lives of more than one billion people in the past two centuries.
Recently, a new "view" published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases by Dr.
Anthony S.
Fauci, Director of NIAID and other staff, summarizes the latest developments in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods.
These developments make 2019 has been a year of breakthroughs in tuberculosis-related research.

First, the author gave a brief introduction to the therapeutic clinical trials, including Brief TB / A5279, which is a phase III clinical study.
The results show that the 1-month dual antibiotic therapy is used to treat HIV patients (also high-risk tuberculosis).
Infected people) Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can achieve the same effect as traditional single-drug treatment for 9 months.
In June 2019, NIAID and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development launched PHOENIx MDR-TB Phase III trials in 12 countries/regions.
The clinical trial compared the effectiveness of two oral regimens in preventing high-risk adults, adolescents, and children.
Dr.
Fauci and others wrote: “The results of this innovative study will provide guidance for new tuberculosis prevention guidelines to avoid pain, disability and death caused by infection with drug-resistant tuberculosis bacilli.
”

[9] AJHG: Using ancient DNA may reveal the molecular mechanism of tuberculosis shaping the function of the human body’s immune system

doi: 10.
1016/j.
ajhg.
2021.
02.
009

COVID-19 is a new type of infectious disease that has a huge impact on human life.
Recently, scientists from the Institute of Bath, France and other institutions have used ancient human DNA to reveal how tuberculosis has affected Europe in the past 2000 years.
The health of the population, especially the impact of this disease on the human genome, related research results are published in the international journal American Journal of Human Genetics.
The research can not only help study the evolutionary genetic characteristics of humans, but also reveal genetic factors.
How to affect the function of the body's immune system.

Researcher Lluis Quintana-Murci said that today's humans are the offspring of people who have survived many events such as environmental changes and major pandemics, including the Black Death, Spanish flu and tuberculosis.
In the article, the researchers used the genetic characteristics of the population to analyze how natural selection affects the genome of our body; they focused on the study of a mutant of the gene TYK2 (named P1104A).
Previously, researchers found that when the P1104A mutant is pure In zygote, when the body is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the mutant is associated with an increased risk of disease in the population.
TYK2 will participate in the body's immune function by affecting the interferon signal pathway.

[10] Science Sub-Journal: The new classification test method can detect active tuberculosis quickly, ultra-sensitively and at low cost

doi: 10.
1126/scitranslmed.
aaw8287

In a new study, a team of researchers from research institutions such as the Weiss Institute of Bioinspired Engineering, the Broad Institute, and Brigham and Women’s Hospital responded to this call: they developed a fast, ultra-sensitive , Multiple, blood-based triage test method for tuberculosis (TB), which analyzes the combined level of four proteins and one anti-TB antibody in a blood sample "signature" to identify possible ATB and Patients in need of advanced diagnosis and treatment.
It can be configured as an on-site point-of-care test (POCT), and results can be obtained within 30 minutes for only $2, thereby reducing barriers to care in resource-poor areas and potentially saving millions of lives.
Related research results were recently published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

The researchers stated that our test method showed 86% sensitivity and 69% specificity, very close to the World Health Organization's minimum requirements for 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity required for efficient triage testing for TB.
It also effectively identified this ATB signature in patient samples from three different continents, which means that it can detect multiple strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be tested in HIV-positive and HIV-negative samples.
This makes it widely applicable to most patients with ATB.

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