Yunnan releases the country's first provincial red species list

To protect species, we must first find out the "family property"

Caiyunzhinan is a treasure house of flora and fauna in people's impression

Following the release of the provincial list of species last year, on May 22 this year, on the day of International Biodiversity Day, the Environmental Protection Department of Yunnan Province released the country's first provincial red species list

Yunnan is rich in species, but also very fragile

10% of assessed species are threatened, and 18 species have become extinct in Yunnan

In terms of biodiversity, Yunnan ranks first in the country

However, behind the high proportion of national key protected species in Yunnan Province, it not only means the abundance of species, but also reflects the vulnerability of species

According to Sun Hang, director of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, this assessment is mainly based on internationally recognized methods and standards to determine 11 levels (extinction, wild extinction, regional extinction, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near endangered, no risk, lack of data should not be assessed not evaluate), to 25,451 species extinction 11 taxa were risk assessments

The assessment results show that among the biological species in Yunnan Province, there are 18 species belonging to the extinction level, accounting for 0.

According to statistics, there are 2,625 threatened species in Yunnan Province, accounting for 10% of the total assessed species; in particular, 3432 species endemic to Yunnan have a threatened rate of 26%, which is about twice the national threatened rate of 14%

In addition, experts have conducted a Red List assessment of large fungi and lichens in Yunnan Province for the first time, which is also the first time in the country

However, this is not because the protection of fungi and lichens in Yunnan Province is better, but because the research on macrofungi and lichens in Yunnan Province is relatively weak, and the data information available for evaluation is very scarce.

Endangered species are also germplasm resources

Multiple factors cause the decrease of rare species, the loss of germplasm, and the degradation of ecosystem functions

In recent years, Yunnan has adopted the construction of nature reserves, and through measures such as the rescue, protection and restoration of rare, endangered and very small population species, some ecosystem functions have been restored, and the wild population of some species has increased steadily

Affected by global climate change and man-made development, wetland ecosystems such as lakes, swamps and rivers are increasingly threatened, and their hydrological regulation, water supply, water purification, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation functions have been significantly weakened, which also makes Species protection is even worse

In fact, Yunnan’s species diversity itself puts forward a test for protection: different habitat types in the same area vary greatly.

In addition, experts believe that the degree of endangerment of some species is still increasing, which has something to do with human over-collection and irrational use

The threat of alien species is also increasing

What needs to be especially vigilant is that the loss of genetic germplasm resources is accompanied by endangered species

According to the "Red List", categorize and manage species

In the future, scientific investigation and basic research will be strengthened, and the two “directories” will be supplemented and improved.

Only with a clean family and knowing what to do can we have a countermeasure
.
"The issuance of the Red List will provide science for the development of relevant policy plans, the preparation of species protection plans, the development of biodiversity research, the revision of the list of key protected wild species, the promotion of public protection awareness, and the promotion of the rational use of biological resources by various departments at all levels in Yunnan Basis
.
" Gao Zhengwen, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Department of Yunnan Province, said that assessing the threatened status of species, compiling a red list, and fully grasping the status of endangered species will be of great significance to improving the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation
.

This assessment not only determined the rank of each species, but also assessed and analyzed the geographic distribution, population status, and threat factors of the species
.
The "Red List" not only enriches and perfects the "China Biodiversity Red List", fills the gaps in the red list of macrofungi and lichens in China, and also corrects some errors in existing related lists
.

According to reports, in the future, Yunnan Province will implement classified management of species based on the 11 levels classified by the "Red List"
.
For the species assessed as "extinct in the wild" and "regional extinction", rescue measures such as artificial breeding and in vitro protection shall be adopted to gradually restore the population size and scale; for the species assessed as "critically endangered", "endangered" and For "vulnerable" species, it is necessary to strengthen the construction and management of various protected areas, establish new protected areas or protected communities, and implement in-situ conservation; where in-situ conservation is difficult to achieve, ex-situ conservation and in vitro conservation must be implemented; Species that have been assessed as "near threatened" or "non-dangerous" and other less threatened species, we must adhere to prevention first, protection first, strict management, and prevent problems before they occur
.

However, the current overall trend of biodiversity decline in Yunnan Province has not been effectively curbed, and the protection situation is still grim
.
Gao Zhengwen believes that the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the threatened status of many species and the unclear status of endangered species have led to a lack of scientific, pertinent and operability in biodiversity conservation
.

For many species that cannot be assessed due to lack of data, Gao Zhengwen said that in the future, scientific investigations and basic research will be strengthened, species resource background investigations will be carried out to further find out the quantity, distribution and threatened status of species resources, and continue to supplement and improve the Species List "And "Red List"
.
"Species investigation and evaluation is a gradual and long-term basic work.
Whether it is the "Species List" released last year or the "Red List" today, it is just a phased work result.
As the investigation and research continue to deepen The continuous deepening of understanding and understanding also requires continuous updating and continuous improvement
.
” Gao Zhengwen said
.