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Analysis of Plant Regulatory DNA Sequences by Transient Protoplast Assays and Computer Aided Sequence Evaluation
Time of Update: 2021-01-14
The orchestrated regulation of hundreds of genes responding in a temporal, spatial, and conditional expression is in part mediated by the transient binding of transcription factors to their specific DNA motifs.
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Selected Simple Methods of Plant Cell Wall Histochemistry and Staining for Light Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-14
Histochemical methods allow for identification and localization of various components within the tissue.
Such information on the spatial heterogeneity is not available with biochemical methods.
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Detection and Quantification of Plant Viruses by PCR
Time of Update: 2021-01-14
Its extreme sensitivity and high specificity make it an unparalleled technique for the detection and characterization of rare messages, including viral infections that are difficult to detect and diagnose by serology or electron microscopy.
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Discovery of Plant MicroRNAs and Short-Interfering RNAs by Deep Parallel Sequencing
Time of Update: 2021-01-14
Deep parallel sequencing of small RNA libraries is discussed by comparing among 454, SBS, and SOLiD technologies.
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Transgenic Plants Expressing Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis
Time of Update: 2021-01-14
In conventional plant breeding, one must usually find the trait of interest within the same or closely related plant species.
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Suspension-Cultured Plant Cells as a Tool to Analyze the Extracellular Proteome
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Despite the central role played by extracellular proteins in most processes that control growth and development, the secretome has been less well characterized than other subcellular compartments, meaning that our understanding of the cell wall physiology is still very limited.
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High-Throughput Screening of Small-Molecule Libraries for Inducers of Plant Defense Responses
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings containing a pathogen-responsive reporter gene allow for convenient high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for compounds that induce plant defense responses.
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High-Pressure Freezing and Low-Temperature Processing of Plant Tissue Samples for Electron Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Here we describe dissection, HPF, and FS methods that we have utilized to prepare plant samples for electron tomography/immuno-electron microscopy.
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Heterologous Expression in Budding Yeast as a Tool for Studying the Plant Cell Morphogenesis Machinery
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
participating in cell morphogenesis; outline the strategies of experiment planning, yeast strain selection (or construction), and expression vector choice; and provide detailed protocols for yeast transformation, transformant selection, and phenotype evaluation.
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Manipulating Photosynthesis in Transgenic Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of plants provides a relatively straightforward means of altering the amounts of individual proteins involved in photosynthetic processes.
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Quantifying Phytohormones in Transformed Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in particular, recently have become more important for both qualitative and quantitative analyzes of all phytohormones, except ethylene (for a recent reviewsee ref. 3 ).
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Characterization of the Plant Cell Wall Proteome Using High-Throughput Screens
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
The approaches are orthogonal and collectively provide a powerful suite of approaches to complement more commonly used strategies to isolate plant cell wall-associated proteins.
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Plant Proteomics Methods to Reach Low-Abundance Proteins
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Technologies have been devised to improve the situation and in the last few years a method based on solid-phase combinatorial peptide ligand libraries has been extensively applied to animal extracts.
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Quantitative Imaging Approaches for Small-Molecule Measurements Using FRET Sensors in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Genetically encoded F�ster resonance energy transfer sensors afford a powerful method of measuring these dynamics in situ and hence are now widely used in order to decode information communicated through the dynamics of cellular metabolites and ions.
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Practical Applications of Metabolomics in Plant Biology
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
biology. A range of different separation and detection techniques are being refined and expanded and their combination with advanced data management and data analysis approaches is already giving plant scientists far deeper insights into the complexity
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Mechanical Measurements on Living Plant Cells by Micro-indentation with Cellular Force Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Cellular force microscopy is a micro-indentation method that was designed to precisely measure and apply forces on living plant cells.
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Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Pathogens
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
The use of monoclonal antibodies in plant pathology has improved the quality and specificity of detection methods for diseases. Hybridoma technology allows the limitless production of highly specific antibodies which can be used to identify pathogens to the species or even sub-species level.
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RNA Silencing and Antiviral Defense in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Given the widespread impact of RNA silencing on theArabidopsis thaliana genome, it is indeed remarkable that this means of gene regulation went undiscovered for so long. Since the publication of landmark papers in 1998 (Fire
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Essential Methods of Plant Sample Preparation for Light Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
Hereby we summarize some of the “classical” techniques to cut more voluminous objects into slices and access their inner structure either for simple anatomical analysis or for further processing (e.g., histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, enzyme histochemistry).
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Genome-Scale Models of Plant Metabolism
Time of Update: 2021-01-13
A complete, accurate GSM, in conjunction with a simulation technique such as flux balance analysis (FBA), can be used to comprehensively predict cellular metabolic flux distributions for a given genotype and given environmental conditions.
