How has the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz directly affected global fertilizer production and supply, according to the news?

According to the news, Iran's blockade of the Strait of Hormuz — a critical waterway handling 20% of global oil transport — caused severe energy shortages, leading to restricted fuel supplies and government-imposed energy rationing in multiple countries; this energy crisis directly hampered fertilizer production, distribution, and circulation, especially during the peak planting season in the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in supply gaps for key fertilizers like urea due to both shipping delays and soaring raw material prices for nitrogen and phosphorus.

Which regions and countries are most vulnerable to fertilizer shortages caused by the Middle East conflict, and why?

The news identifies Sub-Saharan Africa — where 80% of fertilizer is imported — as critically vulnerable, with smallholder farmers suffering heavy blows; Southeast Asia, Latin America, and major grain exporters like Brazil and Argentina are also severely impacted, as rising fertilizer costs force them to urgently seek alternative import channels, while poverty-stricken nations bear the brunt of halted nitrogen fertilizer production, with crop yields potentially dropping by up to 50% per season.

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