Source-Grid-Load-Storage AIDC: Huawei Gives AI Computing Power a New Foundation to Surge Forward

This means computing power can expand—but only on the foundation of green energy. Green electricity has become a hard threshold determining whether an AI Data Center (AIDC) can be built, operated, and sustained. However, the problem is not merely one of 'power shortage.' The high-density computing power characteristic of the AI era is systematically challenging traditional data centers across space, power supply, and thermal management. First, power cannot be delivered effectively, and heat cannot be dissipated efficiently. Single-server cabinets exceeding 100 kW push conventional power distribution architectures and air-cooling solutions to their physical limits. Power delivery systems must handle higher currents and stricter power quality requirements, while cooling systems must shift comprehensively from air-cooling to liquid-cooling—demanding architectural-level redesign. Second, both supply and demand sides fluctuate significantly, making power quality difficult to stabilize. The sharp power fluctuations of high-density computing clusters exert non-negligible stress on the grid. Energy storage systems must respond at timescales ranging from milliseconds to hours—to smooth fluctuations, shift energy in time, and provide emergency backup—thereby enhancing AIDC power quality and grid-friendliness. Third, load is rigid, and coordination remains insufficient. Computing tasks inherently possess flexible characteristics—such as migratability and schedulability—making them high-quality, adjustable resources for power systems. Yet traditional AIDCs act merely as passive 'electricity-guzzling behemoths,' waiting for the grid to deliver power, rather than becoming organic components of the new power system. Coordinating computing and electricity ('compute-electricity synergy') and enabling source-load interaction remain unsolved challenges. Fourth, traditional grid construction is too slow. Model and chip iteration cycles are measured in months or even weeks, whereas grid expansion—and locating and building new power infrastructure—often takes years, failing to keep pace with AI’s rapid evolution. Given these four challenges, delivering stable, reliable green electricity to data centers has become the most fundamental—and most thorny—problem of the AI era. With these four contradictions laid bare, a practical question emerges: If power sources lie far away, fluctuations are the norm, and grid construction lags behind, how exactly should AIDCs be built? In recent years, the industry’s habitual approach has been: 'Build the data center first, then find the power.' From project initiation and site selection to construction and energization, electricity issues are often left until the final stage. But in the AI era, this logic no longer holds. The startup, shutdown, and load fluctuations of a large-scale AIDC campus can directly impact grid operations; with token demand growing exponentially, AIDC campuses are scaling from megawatt- to gigawatt-class—transforming the relationship between computing power and energy from parallel paths into a shared journey. As the problem changes, so must the solution. Huawei Digital Power proposes the Source-Grid-Load-Storage AIDC solution. At its core, this system entails a comprehensive reconstruction across three technological domains—Watt (power electronics), Bit (digital technologies), and Heat (thermal management)—plus a reconstruction of construction models: the '3+1' reconstruction framework, forming the Source-Grid-Load-Storage AIDC solution. He Bo, Vice President of Huawei Digital Power, summarizes its goal in one sentence: 'Maximize tokens per watt.' 1. On the power source side: Let green electricity grow near cities. Power generation is the starting point of the entire 'computing city.' Where electricity comes from—and how it is delivered—determines whether all subsequent links can function. The integrated source-grid-load-storage approach enables localized consumption of renewable energy. In regions rich in renewable resources, wind power, photovoltaics, and AIDCs are planned and developed concurrently—enabling local generation of renewable energy and local consumption by computing loads.

Global Tech Giants Join Forces to Advance Green Energy Development

In recent years, global technology giants have continuously increased their investments in renewable energy and environmental technologies. According to statistics, global investment in renewable energy reached USD 305 billion in 2019—a 1.5% year-on-year increase. Investments in clean energy sectors such as wind and solar power have risen steadily year after year, reflecting these tech giants’ growing commitment to green energy. In the wind energy sector, global tech giants have intensified R&D efforts in advanced technologies—including offshore wind farms and intelligent wind turbines. For example, DeepMind, a subsidiary of Google’s parent company Alphabet, partnered with Danish wind energy firm Vestas to apply artificial intelligence in optimizing turbine operation efficiency and increasing power generation. Apple is also actively expanding into wind energy, planning to construct multiple large-scale wind projects in the coming years. In the solar energy sector, global tech giants likewise demonstrate strong investment intent. Tesla’s solar roof tiles and energy storage products have captured significant market share worldwide. Meanwhile, tech giants including Amazon and Microsoft are actively developing solar technologies to reduce data center energy consumption. Beyond wind and solar, global tech giants are also expanding into other renewable energy areas. For instance, Microsoft has invested in biomass energy projects aimed at generating electricity from organic waste such as crop residues; Alphabet has invested in geothermal energy projects to improve the utilization efficiency of geothermal resources. In the field of environmental technologies, global tech giants likewise play a pivotal role. For example, Apple’s iPhone 12 packaging uses 100% recycled materials to reduce plastic waste; Alphabet has launched a carbon emissions trading platform to help enterprises achieve quantified carbon management.

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