What is the estimated annual financial impact of the U.S. tariffs on Brazil's chemical industry, according to Abiquim?

According to Abiquim, the U.S. tariffs will impose an additional cost of approximately $66 million in the second half of this year, amounting to an annualized impact of $133 million on Brazil's chemical industry if current export volumes are maintained.

Which Brazilian chemical product categories are most severely affected by the U.S. tariffs, and why?

The most severely affected categories are paints and coatings, synthetic textile fibers, soaps and detergents, and perfumes — nearly none of which received tariff exemptions. This is because only 42% (493 out of 1,177) of HS6 tariff codes for Brazilian chemical exports to the U.S. were exempted, leaving 58% (684 codes) subject to new tariffs; although exemptions covered 64–71% of export value, they were concentrated in higher-value items like inorganic chemicals and pesticides, while lower-value, broader-volume categories such as paints and detergents saw almost no coverage.