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Robotic Analyzers

 Time of Update: 2021-02-16

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In general, three assay types are commonly used in diagnostic virology. Since these are described in other chapters it suffices here just to reiterate the methodology names: 1. Agglutination (comp
Using MycDB on the World-Wide Web

 Time of Update: 2021-02-16

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MycDB 1s an integrated mycobacterial database. This means that it contains information on all aspects of mycobacteria, whether immunology, metabolism, or the researchers working on mycobacteria. For
Coccus

 Time of Update: 2021-02-16

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(ii) streptoccus: split on a plane and arranged in chains, such as hemolytic streptoccus. (v) Staphylococcus: When split on several irregular planes, the bacteria accumulate in a staphylococcus-like arrangement, such as Staphylococcus aphdobacteria.
Flavonoids From Argentine Tagetes (Asteraceae) With Antimicrobial Activity

 Time of Update: 2021-02-16

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Over 4000 structures have been identified in plant sources, and they are categorized into several groups (Fig. 1 ).
Molecular Analysis of Fungal Gene Expression upon Interkingdom Competition with Insects

 Time of Update: 2021-02-16

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However, the benefits of secondary metabolites for fungi are often obscure. Here we describe a method that will aid in the analysis of fungal gene expression upon interkingdom competition with insects.
Experimental Manipulation of the Microbial Functional Amyloid Called Curli

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Here we describe experimental methods to study the biogenesis and assembly of curli by exploiting their amyloid properties. We also present methods to analyze curli-mediated biofilm formation.
Coliforms

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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The coliform group of indicator organisms includes some members of this family that are capable of fermenting lactose with the production of acid and gas within 48 h at 35�C. The family Enterobacteri
Identification and Verification of microRNAs by High-Throughput Sequencing

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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High-throughput sequencing methods have become invaluable for detection and analysis of small RNAs. The results are millions of sequences that need to be carefully analyzed by computational methods a
Whole Genome Analysis Using Microarrays

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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The development of microarray technology has allowed the genomes of mycobacteria to be directly compared to identifyDNA regions that differ between strains due to deletion, insertion, or sequence divergence.
Short-Term Culture of CD8 Cells and Intracellular Cytokine Staining

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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In this chapter, we provide protocols for the generation of polarized populations of CD8 T effector cells using polyclonal stimulation and for their subsequent analysis by intracellular cytokine staining.
Generation of Bispecific and Tandem Diabodies

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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An emerging branch of research has sought to generate bivalent recombinant antibodies by manipulating the length of the linker separating heavy- and light-chain variable domains in single-chain Fv proteins, thereby promoting inter-scFv interaction and the formation of “diabodies.” With careful control, this can generate scFv-based proteins able to bind two very distinct targets, “bispecific diabodies.” Further manipulation enables the assembly of higher-order complexes.
Ⅸ.. Effects of environmental factors on microorganisms

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Ⅸ.. Impact of environmental factors on microbials The life activities of microorganisms require certain external environmental conditions, when the external environmental conditions are appropriate
Sequence Finishing

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Sequence “finishing” is the process of turning a rough draft assembly composed of shotgun sequencing reads into a highly accurate finishedDNA sequence with a defined maximum allowed error rate. The
Molecular Approaches to the Identification of Streptococci

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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The ability to identify rapidly organisms to the species, and at times subspecies level, is an important step in the treatment of bacterial infections and for monitoring the spread of microorganisms. Biochemical classification also lacks the ability to type species to the level of a particular clonal population or strain.
Recovery of Mycoplasmas from Animals

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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mycoides small colony (SC),Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. m. mycoides large colony (LC), which cause economically important diseases, such as contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), and contagious agalactia.
NMR-Based Isotopologue Profiling of Microbial Carotenoids

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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C-Isotopologue profiling is a powerful tool to determine on a quantitative basis the biosynthetic origin of carotenoids in microorganisms. After growth, the13 C-isotopologue distribution in a given biosynthetic carotenoid is determined by quantitativeNMR spectroscopy.
Cell Survival and Apoptosis Assays for E1B 19K and Bcl-2 Family Members

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Apoptosis is regulated by a number of genes that promote or suppress cell death. Here, we describe highly reproducible, simple methods that we have developed to assay the activities of adenovirus E1B 19 kDa, Bcl-2, and various pro-apoptotic interacting partners.
Arbitrarily Primed PCR Methods for Studying Bacterial Diseases

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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The most common application of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) IS to exponenttally amplify a specific known and predictable sequence from a complex mixture of nucleic acids. This robust and reproducible technique can amplify discrete sets ofDNA fragments.
Analysis of Exopolysaccharides in Myxococcus xanthus Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a useful research tool to explore the exopolysaccharides (EPS) in bacterial biofilms. Here, we describe the analysis of different biofilms ofMyxococcus xanthus formed in a modified chamber slide system with CLSM. xanthus biofilms can be visualized and analyzed in situ.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Immunomagnetic Separation and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

 Time of Update: 2021-02-15

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Since 1983, when Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first recognised as a cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), verotoxin-producing strains ofE. In England and Wales, 90 % of VTEC cases are sporadic ( 5 ).

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Microbiology News

Robotic Analyzers

Using MycDB on the World-Wide Web

Coccus

Flavonoids From Argentine Tagetes (Asteraceae) With Antimicrobial Activity

Molecular Analysis of Fungal Gene Expression upon Interkingdom Competition with Insects

Experimental Manipulation of the Microbial Functional Amyloid Called Curli

Coliforms

Identification and Verification of microRNAs by High-Throughput Sequencing

Whole Genome Analysis Using Microarrays

Short-Term Culture of CD8 Cells and Intracellular Cytokine Staining

Generation of Bispecific and Tandem Diabodies

Ⅸ.. Effects of environmental factors on microorganisms

Sequence Finishing

Molecular Approaches to the Identification of Streptococci

Recovery of Mycoplasmas from Animals

NMR-Based Isotopologue Profiling of Microbial Carotenoids

Cell Survival and Apoptosis Assays for E1B 19K and Bcl-2 Family Members

Arbitrarily Primed PCR Methods for Studying Bacterial Diseases

Analysis of Exopolysaccharides in Myxococcus xanthus Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Immunomagnetic Separation and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction