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Helicobacter pylori and Food Products: A Public Health Problem
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen causing gastritis and chronic superficial infection (CSG).
In South America the consumption of raw vegetables fertilized with human feces has been found to be a risk factor for infection, and consumption of water from a municipal supply has been suggested as a risk factor for children ( 8 ).
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Origins and Development of Peptide Antibiotic Research: From Extracts to Abstracts to Contracts
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Peptide antibiotic research, which in the larger sense includes protein antibiotic research, actually began during the late 19th century with the work of Ehrlich, Metchnikov, Kanthack, and Petterson.
He noted that the granules of approx 2 or 3% of the cells stained intensely with eosin, an acid dye.
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Growing Overnight Cultures
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
1. Place 2 mL of the appropriate sterile medium in a 13 mm yellow-capped culture tube.
5. Always inoculate a dummy tube with no cells to verify that the medium, tubes, and sticks were sterile.
Dilute culture 1:10 in sterile medium and grow for 3 hours.
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Carp
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
are located in the eastern Asian continent, the Heilongjiang, Yellow River, Yangtze River, Pearl River basins in China, as well as Taiwan, Hainan Province to North Korea and Japan.
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Assaying Promoter Activity Using LacZ and GFP as Reporters
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
RNA polymerases recognize specific promoter regions on the genome and initiate transcription.
In the case of pathogens, gene expression can alter during the course of the infection, and, therefore, specific targets can be identified for drug development.
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Preparation of Bacterial Genomic DNA
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The isolation of genomicDNA from a microorganism generally comprises three stages: cultivation of the cells, disruption to release cell contents, and chemical purification of the DNA. Two widely use
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Rotavirus Entry into Tissue Culture Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Proteolytic cleavage of VP4 into two noncovalently associated subunits, VP8* and VP5* ( 2 , 9 , 10 ), significantly enhances viral infectivity ( 11 – 13 ).
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Isolation of Human Tonsillar Dendritic Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Tonsillectomy remains a frequently performed operation in developed countries ensuring that tonsils are the most readily available source of human lymphoid tissue and an easily accessible source of dendritic cells (DC).
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Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Pyrolysis of microorganisms yields complex mixtures of products that can be analyzed quantitatively by mass spectrometry (MS). The resulting mass spectra represent transient bacterial “fingerprints”
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Current energy
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The so-called current mainly refers to the more stable flow of seafloor water and the channel and the regular flow of sea water due to tides.
Generally speaking, the current energy of a water channel with a maximum flow rate of 2m/s or more has the value of actual development.
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Expression of Foreign Genes in Bombyx mori Larvae Using Baculovirus Vectors
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Although both the AcNPV and BmNPV systems provide highlevel expression of foreign genes using larval hosts ( 3 ,4 ), the silkworm larva offers several additional advantages, i.e., it is easy to rear, it is large and easy to manipulate, it has a relatively short life cycle (approx 7 wk), and its genetics and biology have been well documented.
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Rapid Identification of Mycobacteria and Rapid Detection of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Cultured Isolates and in Respiratory Specimens
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
In this chapter, several simple nucleic acid amplification-based techniques are introduced as molecular approach for clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Despite the high specificity and sensitivity of the molecular techniques, mycobacterial culture remains the “Gold Standard” for tuberculosis diagnosis.
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Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex Function and the Phenotypic Consequences of Dysfunction
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The complexities of mammalian developmental biology have obscured the phenotype-genotype relationships in mitochondrial disease and this has inhibited understanding of the underlying cytopathological mechanisms.
By contrast, theDictyostelium model has revealed a characteristic constellation of downstream phenotypic outcomes that, e.g., point to/show common underlying cytopathological mechanisms in mitochondrial disease.
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An In Vitro Transcription System for Studying Vaccinia Virus Early Genes
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Methods are described here for the extraction of purified vaccinia virions to yield protein mixtures with high transcriptional activity on viral early gene templates, responding specifically to both transcriptional initiation and termination signals in theDNA .
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The Analysis of Innate Immune Response to Adenovirus Using Antibody Arrays
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
In animal models, intravenous Ad administration has been shown to induce transcription and release in the serum of a great number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
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Detection of SV40 DNA Sequences in Human Tissue
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Several recent investigations using polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) detection methods have identified SV40-likeDNA sequences in human neoplasms, particularly choroid plexus tumors ( 1 ), ependymomas ( 1 ), mesotheliomas ( 2 ), and osteosarcomas ( 3 , 4 ).
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Isolation of Dictyostelium Nuclei for Light and Electron Microscopy
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The availability of a protocol for isolation of nuclei in a quality sufficient for high-resolution light and electron microscopy is a prerequisite for such studies.
Here we present a protocol for high enrichment of nuclei by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation.
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Functional Mapping of Expression Quantitative Trait Loci that Regulate Oscillatory Gene Expression
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The model will provide a powerful statistical tool for mapping eQTLs and their epistatic interactions that regulate oscillations in gene expression, helping to construct a regulatory genetic network for those periodic biological phenomena.
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Microbiological Analysis of Cosmetics
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Cosmetics are products of chemical or natural origin dedicated specifically for use in skin and mucosa ( 1 ). The constant development of the cosmetic industry has generated the necessity to carry ou
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Analysis of Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria comprises an inner and an outer membrane separated by a layer of peptidoglycan (Fig. 1 ).
In contrast, the outer membrane forms a physical barrier between the inside of the bacterial cell and the external environment, and contains elements involved in the binding and transmembrane transportation of components required for bacterial biochemistry.
