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Methods for Working with the Mouse Model
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
These models have also been used to test the role of environmental conditions that modulate infection.
Different mouse models have been used successfully to studyC.
The advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed.
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Ethanol-Tolerant Gene Identification in Clostridium thermocellum Using Pyro-Resequencing for Metabolic Engineering
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
In this chapter, we present the approach using Roche 454 next-generation pyro-resequencing to identify the genotypic changes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with an ethanol-tolerant strain ofClostridium thermocellum.
These can help researchers to identify the genotypic change of other biocatalysts for strain improvement through metabolic engineering.
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Prokaryote Genome Fluidity: Toward a System Approach of the Mobilome
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The importance of horizontal/lateral gene transfer (LGT) in shaping the genomes of prokaryotic organisms has been recognized in recent years as a result of analysis of the increasing number of available genome sequences.
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Oral Bacterial Genome Sequencing Using the High-Throughput Roche Genome Sequencer FLX System
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
For over 30 years, the chain termination method ofDNA sequencing (commonly known as Sanger sequencing) has been the mainstay of any DNA sequencing project.
In the past, whole-genome sequencing employing exclusively Sanger chemistry has been a labor-intensive and costly exercise and an option unfeasible for the average research group.
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Abundance in Sewage of Bacteriophages Infecting Escherichia coli O157:H7
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Bacterial virulence factors such as toxins are often encoded by bacteriophages. Among other examples, factors encoded by phages have been described in some of the emerging or re-emerging pathogens, i
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Linearizer Gene Circuits with Negative Feedback Regulation
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Gene functional studies consist of phenotyping cells with altered gene expression.
Improving the precision of current gene expression control techniques would enable more detailed studies of gene function.
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Production of Baculovirus-Expressed Recombinant Proteins in Wave Bioreactors
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Wave Bioreactors are relatively new to the field of protein production from insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses.
Excellent insect cell growth and production of proteins from many classes can be achieved with these units.
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Determination of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Maize Food Products by a New Analytical Method Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorimetric Detection with Post-column Derivatization
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, presents a rapid and automated online post-column derivatization, performed witho -phthalaldehyde andN , N -dimethyl-2-mercaptoethylamine (Thiofluor™).
The filtered extract is purified by immunoaffinity column and FB 1 and FB 2 are eluted with methanol.
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Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Similarly, reverse transcription-PCR ( RT-PCR ) allows the study of targeted gene expression, by reverse transcription of RNA to complementary DNA ( cDNA ), followed by amplification of target DNA using predetermined primers.
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Assaying Interleukins in Plasma in the Course of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Ischemia and reperfusion process with immune-mediated myocyte injury and postischemic myocardial inflammation (1 –3 ).
3. The process of myocyte apoptosis, leading to the loss of myocardial contractile function (5 ).
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Bacteriophage Enrichment from Water and Soil
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Classical bacterial enrichment devised by Sergius Winogradsky (1856–1953) and Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931) can be modified to enrich for bacteria-specific viruses. In this chapter simple protocols
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PCR orLowLevel Detection of Malaria Parasites in Blood
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The detection of parasites byDNA hybridization depends largely on the ability of a DNA probe to identify a parasite DNA sequence that is absent in the host and other closely related parasites.
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Microinjection of BAC DNA into the Pronuclei of Fertilized Mouse Oocytes
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Although the basic technique for microinjection of large constructs are similar to those used for shorter DNA segments, there are some special requirements ( 14 ).
In this chapter, we describe relevant steps for microinjection using large DNA constructs.
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Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The enteroviruses and rhinoviruses are two large groups of viruses belonging to thePicornaviridae that regularly cause infections in humans.
The human enteroviruses consist of 66 serotypes ( 1 ) that include the polioviruses, group A and B coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses.
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Multiplex PCR of Avian Pathogenic Mycoplasmas
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Only four avian mycoplasmas species are known to cause economic losses in commercial poultry production.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) infection commonly causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys ( 2 ), M.
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Purification of the Extracellular Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Produced by Recombinant Baculovirus-Infected Insect Cells in a 10-L Reactor
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The binding of ligand to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is the event that initiates the activation of the tyrosine kinase activity present on the cytoplasmic domain.
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Ribozyme-Mediated Inhibition of Cell Proliferation: A Model for Identifying and Refining a Therapeutic Ribozyme
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
The sequence specificity is determined by the ability of the ribozyme to base pair with nucleotides near the cleavage site of the target RNA; by altering the substrate recognition sequences, intramolecular,cis -cleaving ribozymes can be engineered to cleave intrans (reviewed in Cech, T.
In theory, ribozymes can be engineered to cleave any RNA species, site-specifically, in the background of cellular RNA.
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Analysis of the Efficiency of Adenovirus Transcription
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
This method is designed to measure rates of transcription from adenoviral promoters as a function of the concentrations within infected cells of the promoter(s) of interest.
The latter parameter is assessed by quantification of viralDNA by hybridization of membrane-bound DNA following purification of DNA from nuclear fractions of adenovirus-infected cells.
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Medical Significance of Mycoplasmas
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
Other mycoplasmas have been isolated from predominantly respiratory and genito-urinary sites.
Table 1 Mycoplasmas Isolated from Humans LocationOccurrenceSpeciesO, oropharynx; R, respiratory;GU, genitourinary+ Rare,++ Common,+++ Widespread M.
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Two Efficient Methods for the Conjugation of Smooth-Form Lipopolysaccharides with Probes Bearing Hydrazine or Amino Groups. I. LPS Activation with Cyanogen Bromide
Time of Update: 2021-02-16
This chapter presents a conjugation method for coupling probes bearing hydrazine or primary amino groups to a smooth(S)-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Minnesota with dansyl hydrazine and horseradish �peroxidase yields labeling ratios above 300 nmol dansyl per mg LPS, with nearly no loss of the original endotoxin activity.
