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Extraction and Purification of Nucleic Acids from Schistosomes
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Once an extraction procedure has begun, it is advisable to proceed as rapidly as possible to its conclusion or the nucleic acids may degrade.
As a general rule, all procedures should be performed at 0–4�C unless otherwise mentioned.
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Molecular Methods to Study Transcriptional Regulation of Clostridium difficile Toxin Genes
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
TcdR is an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor that positively regulates toxin gene transcription as well as its own.
TcdC negatively regulates toxin synthesis by interfering with the RNA polymerase formed with TcdR.
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Simultaneous Detection of RNA and Proteins in Adenovirus-Infected Cells by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and lmmunostaining
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Adenovirus (Ad)-infected cells have been used extensively as a model system for studying the expression of eukaryotic genes and were instrumental in elucidating steps m the production of RNA.
Much of this work involved genetic and molecular analyses of viral gene expression.
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Viability of Amoebae, Fungal Conidia, and Yeasts: Rapid Assessment by Flow Cytometry
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Rapid detection and viability measurements of microorganisms in homogenous and heterogenous microbial populations have been greatly enhanced by recent advances in the use of fluorescent stains in flow cytometry (FCM) ( 1 – 5 ).
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Quantitation and Structural Analysis of SV40 RNAs
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
These proteins play roles in replication of the viral genome and transcriptional transactivation of the late genes (see refs.
Thecis -acting transcriptional elements that regulate the synthesis of both the early and late viral RNAs (see refs.
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Safe Dispatch and Transport of Biological Material
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The demands on the export, packaging, and shipping of biological material are manifold and the number of possible mistakes is endless.
The regulations for shipping biological substances by postal mail are laid down by the Universal Postal Union (UPU).
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Ribozyme-Mediated Downregulation of Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Transcript-specific downregulation of RNA levels and activity using antisense RNA techniques represents a promising approach toward this end.
One major obstacle is the need to maintain relatively high intracellular levels of the antisense RNA, which interacts stoichiometrically with the target transcript.
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Biological and Clinical Basis for Molecular Studies of Interferons
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The cytokine family of interferons (IFNs) has multiple functions, including antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects and regulation of cell differentiation.
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The Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Remnant Gastritis in 152 Cases
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
After partial gastric excision, 60% to 100% of patients developed residual gastritis, and the rate of HP-positive detection in the residual stomach was reported at 25% to 71%.
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Production of Heterologous Proteins in Yeast With the Aid of the Hsp150 Carrier
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Biologically active mammalian glycoproteins can be produced inSaccharomyces cerevisiae andPichia pastoris by joining them to a fragment of a natural secretory glycoprotein ofS.
Here we describe the use of the Hsp150Δ carrier inP.
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Serological Identification of Mycoplasmas by Growth and Metabolism Inhibition Tests
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
In the diagnostic laboratory, unknown mycoplasma isolates are inoculated onto solid media and examined for growth inhibition in the presence of antiserum raised against known mycoplasma species.
Zones of inhibition of >2 mm are usually considered significant evidence that the isolate belongs to the species represented by the inhibitory antiserum.
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Enumeration of Bacteriophages Using Flow Cytometry
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The flow cytometric method allows the detection and discrimination of a wide variety of viruses of different morphology, genome type, and size.
The present paper describes an optimized protocol for the enumeration of bacteriophages using a standard benchtop flow cytometer.
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Ins and Outs of Mycobacterial Plasmids
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The importance of plasmids for molecular research cannot be underestimated.
Fortunately, today the mycobacterial research community has a number of these genetic tools at its disposal, and the development of these tools has greatly accelerated the study of mycobacterial pathogens.
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Clostridium difficile: No Longer an Enigmatic Pathogen
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Coupled with the increased interest in this organism researchers now have a greater understanding of its genetic content and molecular epidemiology; a direct consequence of the multipleC.
Concurrent with the sequencing efforts have been the development of tools to genetically manipulate the organism.
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Immunomagnetic Separation of Pathogenic Organisms From Environmental Matrices
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
One of the most difficult challenges in the analysis of environmental samples is to separate the organism of interest from a sample that is high in background debris. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS)
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Sampling Water Bodies: Tangential Flow Filtration
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The study of microbial community structure requires a representative sample of that community for processing in a form that is free from contaminants that will interfere with the analysis.
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Expression and Purification of Recombinant Histones and Nucleosome Reconstitution
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The extent of heterogeneity and modification strongly depend on the type and developmental state of the tissue from which chromatin is isolated and can vary significantly between different batches.
Fourth, and most important, only naturally occurring histone proteins can be obtained by this method.
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Identification of Novel Pathogenicity Genes by PCR Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis and Related Technologies
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
This is a PCR-based STM mutation-based screening method using a population of bacterial mutants for the simultaneous identification of multiple virulence genes in microbial pathogens by negative selection.
PCR-based STM represent a genomics-based method for in vivo high-throughput screening of new virulence factors.
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Multiplex PCR of Avian Pathogenic Mycoplasmas
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
Only four avian mycoplasmas species are known to cause economic losses in commercial poultry production.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) infection commonly causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys ( 2 ), M.
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Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses
Time of Update: 2021-02-17
The enteroviruses and rhinoviruses are two large groups of viruses belonging to thePicornaviridae that regularly cause infections in humans.
The human enteroviruses consist of 66 serotypes ( 1 ) that include the polioviruses, group A and B coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses.
