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Bacteria hair (pilus)
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Bacteria with sterile hairs are easily excluded by the culver movement, intestinal peristalsis or urine flushing of mucous membrane cells, and lose their hair and pathogenicity.
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Growth and Purification of Enteric Adenovirus Type 40
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
The enteric adenoviruses of subgroup F (Ad40 and Ad41) pose some special problems of cultivation, as they cannot be readily passaged in many of the cell types used to propagate the more commonly used
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The foreword to the first edition of the Microbiology Experiment (Shen Ping Edition).
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
books have a total of 40 experiments, more content, including with the "microbiology", the theory of certification and microbiological experiments required for basic operation and skills training two major parts, each school can be selected according to specific conditions.
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Copper fish
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
It is found in the main tributations and lakes of the Yangtze River water system, and is also distributed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.
After spawning, it returns to the lower and middle reaches and lakes for fertilization and wintering.
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Design of Synthetic Mammalian Quorum-Sensing Systems
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Synthetic quorum-sensing systems in mammalian cells has enabled the implementation of time- and distance-dependent bioprocesses, as well as the design of synthetic ecosystems emulating clinically important host–parasite interactions.
This protocol can be adapted easily to various cell types and transgenes for the design of versatile mammalian cell-based quorum-sensing systems.
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Ureaplasma Urealyticum
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
urealyticum, which is named for the need for urea for growth.
Since 80 per cent of pregnant women have a dexalinogen in their reproductive tract, a placental infection can lead to premature birth, stillbirth, or infection of a newborn baby during childbirth, causing respiratory infections.
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Two Efficient Methods for the Conjugation of Smooth-Form Lipopolysaccharides with Probes Bearing Hydrazine or Amino Groups. II. LPS Activation with a Cyanopyridinium Agent
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Minnesota with dansyl hydrazine and horseradish peroxidase yields labeling ratios above 110 nmol dansyl/mg LPS, with nearly no loss of the original endotoxic activity.
In the case of horseradish peroxidase, introducing a spacer, a ratio of 29 nmol HRP/mg LPS was obtained, preserving 65% of the original endotoxic activity and an enzymatic activity of 120 U/mg.
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Methods for Studying Interactions Between Simian Virus 40 T-Antigen and the Viral Origin of Replication
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Because the virus depends on host proteins for replication ( 4 ), the SV40 system has been used to identify many of the proteins required for DNA synthesis in eukaryotes [for reviews,see ( 5 - 7 )].
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Use of PhoN Phosphatase to Remediate Heavy Metals
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Heavy metals are removed bySerratia sp. via the activity of a cell-bound, atypical, PhoN-type acid phosphatase enzyme, which liberates HPO4 2- from a suitable organic phosphate donor, with the stoi
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Production of Torularhodin, Torulene, and -Carotene by Rhodotorula Yeasts
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Yeasts of the generaRhodotorula are able to synthesize different pigments of high economic value like β-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin, and therefore represent a biotechnologically interesting group of yeasts.
However, the low production rate of pigment in these microorganisms limits its industrial application.
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Peroxisome Targeting of Lycopene Pathway Enzymes in Pichia pastoris
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Cellular targeting of biosynthetic pathway enzymes is an invaluable technique in metabolic engineering to modify metabolic fluxes towards metabolite of interest.
Here, peroxisomal targeting of lycopene pathway enzymes, CrtE, CrtB, and CrtI, by fusing to peroxisomal targeting sequence 1 (PTS1) inPichia pastoris X-33 is described.
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Animal Model for In Vivo Evaluation of Cholesterol Reduction by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
For many years, it has been recognized that elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, the latter being a major cause of death in Western countries.
Numerous drugs that lower cholesterol have been used to treat hypocholesterolemic individuals ( 1 ).
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Serological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
We tested serological HP antibody IgG on 72 children with recurrent abdominal pain, anorexia and chronic diarrhea, 54 of whom were positive (75%).
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Correlating Secondary Metabolite Production with Genetic Changes Using Differential Analysis of 2D NMR Spectra
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
For many fungi the number of known secondary metabolites is surprisingly small compared to the �astonishingly large number of terpene cyclase, polyketide synthase (PKS), and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) secondary metabolite gene clusters found in their genomes.
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Type I Interferons as Regulators of the Differentiation/Activation of Human Dendritic Cells: Methods for the Evaluation of IFN-Induced Effects
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
In this chapter, we describe some methods for testing the effects of IFNs on the differentiation and activation of human DCs from the peripheral blood monocytes and for the characterization of the DCs generated after IFN treatment.
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Use of Fimers to Eliminate Polymerase Chain Reaction and Primer-Dimer Artifacts and to Increase Yield in BAC-Sequencing Reactions
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Ideally, under the elevated temperatures used in a typical amplification, the primers should hybridize only to the target sequence.
However, there is a relatively narrow range of conditions (temperature, concentrations of ions and denaturing agents) for specific annealing of an oligonucleotide to its complementary target, and often it does not coincide with other requirements of the cycle-sequencing reaction.
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Use of Genome-Scale Metabolic Models in Evolutionary Systems Biology
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
One of the major aims of the nascent field of evolutionary systems biology is to test evolutionary hypotheses that are not only realistic from a population genetic point of view but also detailed in terms of molecular biology mechanisms.
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Practical Methods for Determining Phage Growth Parameters
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Bacteriophage growth may be differentiated into sequential steps: (i) phage collision with an adsorption-susceptible bacterium, (ii) virion attachment, (iii) virion nucleic acid uptake, (iv) an eclipse period during which infections synthesize phage proteins and nucleic acid, (v) a “post-eclipse” period during which virions mature, (vi) a virion release step, and (vii) a diffusion-delimited period of virion extracellular search for bacteria to adsorb ( 1 ).
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Use of a Vero Cell-Based Fluorescent Assay to Assess Relative Toxicities of Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes from Escherichia coli
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis from food and waterborne sources worldwide.
Shiga toxins 1 and 2 are important virulence factors linked to severe human illness.
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Assay Methods for Detection and Quantification of Antimicrobial Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus
Time of Update: 2021-01-27
Streptomyces clavuligerus is used as model to illustrate the determination and quantification of antimicrobial metabolites with different biological activities produced by cultures of this strain.
S. clavuligerus produces an array of compounds with different structures.
