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Ribozymes Targeted Against AML1/MTG8: Evaluation of Ribozyme Efficiency in a Cell-Free System and Transfection with Cationic Liposome
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
It is often found that tumors have chromosomal translocation, especially in hematological malignancies.
A specific chromosomal translocation is related to a specific type of disease.
Recent studies have revealed that genetic aberrations originated from these chromosomal translocations have a key role in oncogenesis.
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Proteomic Analysis of Dental Tissue Microsamples
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
Rat and mouse models of enamel development are relatively well characterized and experimentally powerful.
Here we describe gel-based proteomic methods that enable parallel quantification, identification, and functional characterization of proteins from developing rat and mouse teeth.
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Genetic and Chromosomal Stability of Wine Yeasts
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
The composition of the yeast flora in the fermenting must vary according to geographic location, climatic conditions, and grape variety (e.g.,ref.
cerevisiae flora itself is also variable, it can change in the course of fermentation and various strains can grow simultaneously as subpopulations (e.g.,ref.
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Microarrays for Bacterial Typing: Realistic Hope or Holy Grail
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
Although complete genome sequencing for epidemiological typing remains unrealistic for the present, microarrays that provide information on gene content are now becoming available.
Microarrays that include probes for every gene within a genome provide excellent comparative data, although a focus on variable genes may be more useful for typing purposes.
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Measurement of Cytokines in Induced Sputum: Application to the Investigation of Asthma and COPD
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
IL-5 and IL-8 can be measured in airway samples obtained by the relatively noninvasive technique of sputum induction.
The measurement of cytokines in induced sputum allows a direct estimation of the airway levels of these mediators in health and disease.
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Culturing and Biological Cloning of Trypanosoma brucei
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
The ability to culture cloned populations derived from individual trypanosomes before and after an antigenic switch is vital in investigations into the mechanism of antigenic variation.
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A Computational Method to Search for DNA Structural Motifs in Functional Genomic Elements
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
Here we describe the details of this method and use it to find a DNA structural motif in theSaccharomyces cerevisiae yeast genome that is associated with binding of the transcription factor RLM1, a component of the protein kinase C-mediated MAP kinase pathway.
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Other spirochetes
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
First, for the return of the thermal helix, lice as the medium of transmission, causing the epidemic of regression fever, the domestic epidemic is mainly the return of this kind of heat.
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Enumeration of Bacteriophages Using the Small Drop Plaque Assay System
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
The determination of the concentration of infectious phage particles is fundamental to many protocols in phage biology, genetics, and molecular biology. Described here is a drop plaque assay, which,
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Measurement of Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression Patterns Using cDNA Array
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
These techniques can be used to compare gene expression in various cells or in the same cells following various treatments, to analyze function of multiple genes sequenced in the human and other genome projects, to discover new genes, to detect mutations or gene polymorphism, to identify genes responsible for disease processes, to diagnose diseases, to monitor therapy, or to develop new therapies ( 1 – 17 ).
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Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Monitoring of Genes Amplified Directly from Bacterial Communities in Soils and Sediments
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
Considerable effort has led to the development and application of a number of molecular procedures to profile the diversity of microbial sequences in environments.
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Isolation of Human Lung Dendritic Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
In the lung several cell types are capable of presenting antigen to T cells.
The dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cell.
This chapter will elaborate on the heterogeneity that has to be taken into consideration when studying and isolating lung DC.
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The Development and Use of Repetitive Sequences as DNA Probes for Parasite Detection and Species Identification
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
DNA probes have been used in the identification of a large number of parasites includingLeishmania ( 1 – 4 ), malaria parasites ( 5 – 8 ), trypanosomes ( 9 – 10 ),Onchocerca ( 11 – 13 ), schisto- somes ( 14 – 15 ) and filarial parasites ( 16 – 18 ).
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Custom Synthesis of Autoinducers and Their Analogues
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system is a unique target for the development of a new class of drugs that potentially control pathogenicity and attenuate virulence.
In this chapter, we summarize synthetic methodology for custom QS agonists and antagonists against the Lux system in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Molecular Characterization of Yeast Strains by Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Analysis
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
In this sense, a fast and easy method is required for quality control of dry yeast production to ensure that the final product is identical to the original strain, and for control of the fermentation process to ensure that the latter really is conducted by the inoculated yeast.
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Comparative Genomics: Digging for Data
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
All these approaches have been pioneered using bacterial genomes because of their simplicity and the large number of complete genome sequences available.
With more and more genome sequences becoming available, the rise of comparative genomics continues apace.
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Essential Role of Genetics in the Advancement of Biotechnology
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
In recent years, emerging recombinantDNA and genomic techniques have facilitated the development of new efficient expression systems, modification of biosynthetic pathways leading to new metabolites by metabolic engineering, and enhancement of catalytic properties of enzymes by directed evolution.
Functional genomics and proteomics are major tools used in the search for new molecules and development of higher-producing strains.
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The Cotton Rat as a Model for Staphylococcus aureus 19 Nasal Colonization in Humans: Cotton Rat S. aureus Nasal Colonization Model
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
aureus infections in humans, but despite this established association, we are only beginning to understand the factors, both host and pathogen, that play a role in the colonization of the nares byS.
Further, the cotton rat model allows for assessment of the ability of defined genetic mutants ofS.
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Proteomic Analysis to Investigate Regulatory Networks in Staphylococcus aureus
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
aureus , we analyze the cytoplasmic and extracellular proteome by using two-dimensional (2D) gel analyses combined with matrix-assisted laser ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS).
Gel-based proteomics is an extremely valuable tool in microbial physiology that can, in combination with various visualization and quantitation software packages, very rapidly provide comparative and quantitative data for multi-sample comparison.
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Measurement of Interleukins by ELISPOT Assay with Particular Application to Dual-Color Analysis (Stardust Assay)
Time of Update: 2021-02-24
However, this approach provides only cumulative amounts in a fixed time, thus limiting the sensitivity of the technique, particularly when relatively few cells are producing lymphokines of interest.
In addition, this strategy does not permit an estimation of the frequency of corresponding secreting cells.
