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Construction of cis-Regulatory Input Functions of Yeast Promoters
Time of Update: 2021-02-14
Synthetic genetic constructs are well suited to precisely control and measure gene expression to constructcis -regulatory input functions.
These functions can be used to predict gene expression based on signal intensities transmitted to activators and repressors in the gene regulatory region.
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Applications of Interspersed Repeat Sequence Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time of Update: 2021-02-14
Analysis of complex genomes includes characterization of complete large-insert genomic libraries comprising several hundreds of thousands of clones.
Conventional methods to screen large-insert clone libraries for specific clones within a defined chromosomal interval are polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) based using microsatellite markers.
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Reactor Configuration for Continuous Fermentation in Immobilized Systems: Application to Lactate Production
Time of Update: 2021-02-14
Results from bioreactor studies have demonstrated that immobilized cells have advantages over free cells, such as protection from toxic substances, increased plasmid stability and increased catalytic activity ( 1 ).
Because of these advantages, methods employing immobilized microbial cells are used extensively in many industrial applications.
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Large DNA Transformation in Plants
Time of Update: 2021-02-14
Large DNA (>100 kb) transformation methods have been reported in tomato usingAgrobacterium -mediated transformation ( 1 ) and tobacco using biolistic bombardment ( 2 ).
BIBAC vector (used in tomato) is capable of transferring large DNA fragments fromAgrobacterium into plants.
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Identification of Diagnostic Proteins in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by a Whole Genome Analysis Approach
Time of Update: 2021-02-14
paratuberculosis now complete, we have taken a different strategy to identify novel proteins that are present uniquely inM.
paratuberculosis with other sequenced mycobacterial genomes, we identified a collection of more than 90 genes that are present uniquely inM.
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Bioluminescent Reporter Genes for Promoter Discovery
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
Discovery of promoter elements with previously unknown regulated responses is important for metabolic engineering.
For example, promoters responsive to the end product can be useful to regulate expression with increasing levels of product.
Use of reporter genes, such as a bioluminescent reporterluxCDABE , can facilitate promoter discovery.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy and Immunogold Staining of Mollicute Surface Antigens
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
They are cell-wall-less bacteria, many of which produce disease in humans, animals, plants, or insects.
Genetically, mollicutes are related to Gram-positive bacteria, but the lack of a cell wall prevents a typical staining reaction.
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Direct Plasmid Transfer Between Bacterial Species and Electrocuring
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
For example, electroporation can be utilized for the direct movement of nonconjugative plasmids across species barriers, making it a powerful tool in molecular biology.
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Cod
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
A typical genus of cod, cod, and cod. There are 7 kinds. This is a fish dorsal fin 3, hip fin 2; The head sideline system has small holes, the front end of the upper jaw is protruding from the lowe
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Protein Production With Recombinant Baculoviruses in Lepidopteran Larvae
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
A low cost alternative to bioreactor-based protein production exists in the use of live insect larvae as “mini bioreactors.” In this chapter, we focus onTrichoplusia ni as the host insect for recombinant protein production, and explore three different methods of virus administration to the larvae.
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Molecular Methods for Haemophilus influenzae
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
infuenzae (NCHi) appear to have a nonclonal population composition, but a broader analysis of NCHi in the future may reveal that the population is not so distinct from encapsulatedH influenzae ( 4 ).
Both encapsulatedH influenzae and NCHi exhibit wide genetic diversity ( 5 ).
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Insertional Mutagenesis in the Vitamin B2 Producer Fungus Ashbya gossypii
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
The ascomyceteAshbya gossypii , a filamentous fungus, is a natural overproducer of vitamin B2 and is currently exploited for the industrial production of this vitamin.
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Use of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for Determining Pesticides in Fish and Foods
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
A tissue sample is placed in a glass mortar containing a bonded-phase solid support material.
The solid support and sample are manually blended together using a glass pestle.
The blended material is packed into a column containing activated Florisil and eluted with acetonitrile:methanol (9:1).
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Purification of Bacteriophages and SDS-PAGE Analysis of Phage Structural Proteins from Ghost Particles
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
These particles should be preferred to the entire bacteriophages for one-dimensionalSDS -PAGE analysis of phage structural proteins, since running of the phage proteins through the gel is not disturbed by the presence of the phage DNA.
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Direct Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Clinical Specimens and Environmental Samples
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing environmental bacterium that causes a severe skin disease known as Buruli ulcer.
ulcerans from swabs, fresh tissue biopsies, and fixed tissue sections, which are the most common types of specimens used in the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer.
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Buds (spore)
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
Under certain conditions, the genus Bacillus anthrax and the genus Bacillus Difficile (e.g., tetribacteria, gas gangrene pathogens) can form a highly refrouted, hard-to-color small body in the bacteria, called endospore, short for bud cells.
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An Optical Immunosensor for Pesticide Determination in Natural Waters
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
The river analyzer (RIANA) is an optical immunosensor able to determine different types of organic pollutants in water samples.
The RIANA integrates the optical part with a fluidics part in a compact unit, which is coupled to an autosampler, allowing the performance of automatic measurements within 15 min.
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Isolation and Propagation of Mouse Liver-Derived Dendritic Cells
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
In the presence of GM-CSF, DC develop directly from myeloid committed precursors, which also give rise to monocytes and granulocytes, or from myelomonocytic cells, which are also precursors of monocytes ( 4 , 5 ).
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Meat Protein Degradation by Tissue and Lactic Acid Bacteria Enzymes
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
Free amino acids are also the origin of other aroma volatile compounds that are involved in further enzymatic and chemical reactions ( 2 , 2 ).
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Successful Culture Techniques for Helicobacter Species: General Culture Techniques for Helicobacter pylori
Time of Update: 2021-02-13
Half of the world’s population is persistently infected withHelicobacter pylori .
Thus, the ability to culture bacterial species from this genus is an extremely important step in expanding clinical knowledge and development of therapies.