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Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) derived from precursors within the bone marrow (BM). They are distributed ubiquitously throughout the body, and are few in number (
1
). They are classified as lymphoid-related or myeloid DC depending on their developmental lineage. Lymphoid-related DC develop from very immature T-cell precursors or BM progenitors, which are also the source of future natural killer cells and B cells (
2
,
3
). In vitro, these lymphoid-derived DC can be generated in the absence of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and are CD8
+
and Fas ligand
+
(CD95L
+
). In the presence of GM-CSF, DC develop directly from myeloid committed precursors, which also give rise to monocytes and granulocytes, or from myelomonocytic cells, which are also precursors of monocytes (
4
,
5
). DC can be propagated from progenitors in BM (
6
), blood (
7
), or secondary lymphoid tissues (
8
). In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can develop into DC-like cells if cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and interleukin-4 (IL-4) (
9
,
10
).
