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The stable oxides of carbon are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and other carbon oxides such as C 2 O 3 , C 5 O 2 , C 12 O 9 and the like have poor stability
.
1.
Carbon monoxide
C CO elemental products of incomplete combustion
.
After the mixture of CO and CO 2 is passed through alkali to absorb CO 2, CO is obtained
In the CO molecule, there is a triple bond between C and O, and there is a coordination bond from O to C, so CO has strong coordination ability
.
The coordination of CO with Fe 2+ in the heme in the organism makes the blood lose its oxygen transfusion effect, so CO has greater toxicity
At high temperatures, CO can coordinate with many transition metals to form metal complexes, such as Fe(CO) 5 , Ni(CO) 4, etc.
These compounds are mostly highly toxic
CO has strong reducibility and can reduce many metal oxides
.
It reacts with Cl 2 to generate toxic phosgene COCl 2 , and PdCl 2 is introduced to make the solution black, which can be used as a CO test reaction
The acidic solution of CuCl can basically absorb CO quantitatively
.
CO+CuCl+2H 2 O=Cu(CO)Cl·2H 2 O
Industrially, air and water vapor are alternately passed into the red hot carbon layer, and the produced fuel gas contains CO
.
When air is introduced, the reaction produces a mixed gas containing CO, N 2 and a small amount of CO 2 (ie, producer gas):
2C+O 2 =2CO △H<0
When water vapor is introduced , a mixed gas containing CO, H 2 , a small amount of CO 2 and water vapor (ie water gas) is obtained:
C+H 2 O=CO+H 2 △H>0
Both producer gas and water gas are fuel gas
.
The exothermic reaction and the endothermic reaction proceed alternately to maintain the continuous operation of the reaction system within a certain temperature range
2.
Carbon dioxide
CO.
'S 2 is C elemental products of incomplete combustion
.
The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by the increase in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere
CO 2 is a non-polar molecule with a linear structure and molecules; the middle CO has double bonds, and the molecules have high thermal stability
.
Press valence bond theory, CO.
Figure 13-3 Bonding of CO 2 molecules
The laboratory uses calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid to react to prepare CO 2
.
CaCO 3 +2HCl=CaCl 2 +CO 2 +H 2 O
Passing the gas into a saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution produces a white CaCO 3 precipitate, which can be used to identify CO 2
.
CO 2 +Ca(OH) 2 =CaCO 3 +H 2 O
CO.
'S 2 mainly used as a refrigerant, the production of beverages and urea and the like
.
It can be liquefied by pressurization at -56.
6～31℃, and many new compounds can be synthesized with CO 2 as the critical solvent
.
Related link: Reducibility of carbon element
