In the name of the people: antibiotics, take or throw?

Every year, about 700000 people die of "super bacteria" infection in the world, 230000 newborns die of this disease In 2050, the death toll may exceed 10 million A surprising set of data released by the World Health Organization shows that antibiotic abuse is the main culprit A recent case in the United States showed that a female patient was resistant to 26 kinds of antibiotics after she was infected with the bacteria, leaving the hospital helpless Who has released the list of superbugs The World Health Organization has released the list of 12 superbugs that are listed as the highest priority for the first time According to the degree of danger, these superbugs can be divided into three categories: emergency, high concern and moderate It is known that the priority classification of the 12 super bacteria published in this report is based on the following considerations: drug resistance in clinical practice, mortality caused by drug resistance, the frequency of people's infection as a result, and the burden of these infections on the health care system This is not the first time who has issued a warning In previous reports, it has proposed that if many stakeholders do not take urgent measures, the world will move towards a "post antibiotic era", and common infections and minor injuries that can be cured for decades may cause death again According to the literature, the incidence rate of drug-resistant infections is increasing worldwide, and 700 thousand people die from drug-resistant infections every year The main reason of drug resistance is the abuse of antibiotics, including the abuse of human treatment and the excessive use of antibiotics in animals According to statistics, the standard dosage of antibiotic application has increased by 50% between 2000 and 2014 According to a 2016 World Bank study, if countries around the world don't take urgent action on issues such as antibiotic abuse, the so-called superbugs will kill one patient every three seconds by 2050 According to the report, according to the current trend, by 2050, 10 million people will die of drug-resistant infection every year in the world, and the medical cost of drug-resistant infection will account for 1.1% - 3.8% of the world's GDP In response, the World Health Organization said the list of "the most dangerous bacteria" would be submitted to the G20 summit in Germany this summer to urge governments to pay attention to and effectively deal with the problem of drug-resistant bacteria The key is to take the right medicine In many people's growing memory, it's an unbreakable truth to have a fever and take antibiotics Now more patients require direct infusion Ma xuzhu, deputy chief physician of general medicine department of Tsinghua Changgeng hospital, said in an interview with the science and Technology Daily that in the outpatient department, we often encounter such requests from patients with fever: please give me direct infusion, or prescribe better and more advanced drugs In the eyes of patients, infusion is faster than taking medicine, and more advanced drugs are often: newer, more expensive, more broad-spectrum - more kinds of bacteria can be killed In the view of Ma xuzhu, there is no high-grade or low-grade antibacterial drugs at all "Every antibiotic has its own characteristics, the key is to choose according to disease and people." For example, the old antibiotic furantoin is very cheap, but the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infection is often better than the so-called advanced third-generation cephalosporins, Ma explained "The principle of using antibiotics is that if you can use a narrow spectrum, you don't need a broad spectrum, if you can use a low-level, you don't need a high-level, if you can use one that can solve problems, you don't need several combinations." Ma xuzhu stressed that the only standard to measure whether it is a "good medicine" is "able to cure the disease", and the key is to prescribe the right medicine "As a doctor, we will give correct and reasonable guidance to patients according to their condition When patients feel the sincerity of doctors, they will cooperate very well This is very prominent in our hospital " Avoid "two extremes" when using antibiotics For ordinary people, it is necessary to know that "three not equal", that is, "antibacterial ≠ anti-inflammatory", in addition to bacteria, inflammation can also be caused by viruses, inflammatory factors, etc., "fever ≠ infection", many causes of fever, such as immunity, tumor, etc., "infection ≠ bacterial infection", the scope of infection is broader, including parasite infection, etc It should be noted that the use of antibiotics should avoid "two extremes": overuse and long-term use Doctors can often contact two kinds of people, one is a little cold, cough on antibiotics In fact, most colds are infected by viruses It's useless to use antibiotics to deal with colds Only when the common cold patients have symptoms such as runny nose, yellow phlegm, severe throat pain, swollen tonsils, purulent spots, etc., complicated with otitis media, tracheitis, tonsillitis, nephritis, rheumatism and pneumonia, and confirmed by hemolytic streptococcus and other infections, they need to be treated with corresponding antibiotics On the other hand, they refuse to take medicine and treatment if they are ill This kind of patient's compliance is relatively poor, and there are often insufficient dosage and drug withdrawal without authorization In this regard, Ma xuzhu stressed that patients must take antibiotics according to the doctor's orders and the course of treatment When using antibiotics, if the patient stops taking antibiotics because of the remission of the disease, it may cause repeated attacks of the disease, induce bacterial resistance, and the consequences will be more serious In a word, when people encounter the problem of using antibiotics, they must consult doctors in time and do not abuse them blindly.