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1 Metabolic process in the body
Beta-receptor agonists are quickly absorbed in animals, have a long half-life, and are slow to eliminate.
After demethylation in the liver, most of them are excreted in the urine
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Clenbuterol is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and it takes effect 15 to 20 minutes after human or animal consumption.
After feeding animals, β-receptor agonists will produce accumulated residues in the animal's body (especially the internal organs).
Among them, there are obvious accumulations in eye tissue, lung tissue, and hair.
In food tissues, liver and kidney The residue is the highest and the muscle fat is the lowest
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Clenbuterol hydrochloride was taken orally in cattle at 3mg/(kg BW) , 48h after administration, the highest residual tissue was lung, followed by liver and kidney, and the residual adipose tissue was 1.
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2 Toxicology and adverse reactions
(1) Toxicology
Clenbuterol is the most comprehensive research on the toxicology of β-receptor agonists
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The acute toxicity of Clenbuterol to rats and mice is moderate, and its oral LD 50 is 147 mg/(kg BW) and 126 mg (kg BW) respectively.
About 5 minutes after administration, the animals have difficulty breathing, paralysis and convulsions.
And other symptoms, death occurred quickly
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Acute toxicity in dogs is relatively low, orally the LD 50 is 800 mg of ~ 400 / (kgBW)
Studies have reported that clenbuterol can also cause chromosomal aberrations in pigs.
The higher the applied dose, the higher the aberration rate.
Chromatid aberrations and chromosomal aberrations appear, which can induce malignant tumors, and it is believed that it will also cause similar results to the human body
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The two-year carcinogenic test did not find carcinogenic effects, but animal tests showed that clenbuterol and other β-receptor agonists have certain reproductive endocrine toxicity
(2) Adverse reactions
Effects on animals: ①Expansion of the trachea, affecting muscle protein, fat metabolism and sugar metabolism in the liver, seriously affecting the normal growth and development of animals; ②Insufficient sugar degradation, resulting in poor pork quality; ③Prone to hoof damage and trekking, A large amount of exercise can cause death, and high temperature conditions are more likely to occur
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Effects on humans: ① Myocardial contraction is strengthened, heart rate increases, and palpitations and palpitation occur.
It can cause tachycardia in patients with existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and prostatic hypertrophy.
Contraction, even toxic myocarditis, myocardial infarction, the electrocardiogram may show ST-segment pressure and T wave inversion or low equality; ②Face and neck, limbs muscle tremor, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, tremor and even unable to stand; ③ Poisoning in pregnant women can cause cancer and teratogenicity in the fetus
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3 Maximum allowable residue limit
Because β-receptor agonists have a "redistribution effect", they are often illegally used in livestock breeding by some feed manufacturers and livestock producers
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The therapeutic dose of β-receptor agonists for humans is relatively low, but when used in livestock breeding, the dose is often increased to 5-10 times the therapeutic dose, and the general feed additive dose exceeds 5 mg/kg
Table 1-2 MRL values of ractopa hydrochloride gel set by the United States and Japan
Related links: The physical and chemical properties and uses of β-receptor agonists
