New Nobel Prize winner! Dayu nadian won the 2016 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for discovering "autophagy"

Just yesterday, the 2016 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was announced! Yoshinori Ohsumi, a Japanese scientist, became the new Nobel Prize winner for discovering the "autophagy mechanism" On October 3, 2016, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was announced at the appointed time This time, Yoshinori Ohsumi of Japan won the prize for discovering the mechanism of autophagy It is worth mentioning that, in the development cell on July 11 this year, Dayu Liangdian announced that they have successfully explored the starting mechanism of autophagy, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cancer and neurological diseases caused by autophagy Yoshinori Ohsumi was born in Fukuoka, Japan in 1945, and received his doctorate from the University of Tokyo in 1974 After three years at Rockefeller University in New York, he returned to Tokyo University and set up his research team in 1988 Since 2009, he has been a professor at Tokyo Institute of technology In July 2016, the research team led by Yoshida Okura, a professor of molecular cytology at Tokyo University of technology, Japan, announced that they had successfully explored the initiation mechanism of autophagy Team members creatively focused on atg13 protein, which can promote autophagy It was observed that atg13 protein would connect with other four proteins through the network structure, forming a huge autophagy start-up device Autophagy, the English word for autophagy, comes from Greek and translates directly as "self eating." In the 1960s, researchers observed for the first time that cells can "eat themselves", that is, cells wrap their own proteins or organelles with membranes to form bag like vesicles, which are transported to lysosomes responsible for "recovery", and then fuse with lysosomes, and then degrade the contents of their inclusions Christian de Duve, a Belgian scientist who won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1974 for the discovery of lysosomes, created the concept of autophagy to describe this process These vesicles were named autophagosomes Cell autophagy can not only decompose the aging substances and harmful substances in cells, but also maintain the health of the body Many mammals with hibernating habits will use this phenomenon to regenerate the substances in cells so as to maintain life In the late 1980s, Professor Dayu used a microbial enzyme to observe the autophagy process in cells, but the specific mechanism of this phenomenon has not been explored In the new study, team members focused on atg13 protein, which can promote autophagy It was observed that atg13 protein would connect with other four proteins through the network structure, forming a huge autophagy start-up device This device can create a double membrane structure that only absorbs the decomposed material The researchers said they would further explore the mechanism of the process in the future Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine: the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, as the name suggests, is to commend those who made outstanding contributions to human medicine and health in physiology or medicine in the previous year The "God of medicine", who reads books on the medal pattern, is collecting spring water from the rocks to save a sick girl, which has a very obvious moral The medal is engraved with a Latin sentence, roughly translated as: new discoveries make life better According to relevant data, since the first award in 1901, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded 107 times, 211 people have won the prize and 12 women have won it Among them, the youngest winner was Frederick g banding, who discovered insulin at the age of 32 (winning the prize in 1923); the oldest winner was Peyton rous, who discovered tumor virus at the age of 87 (winning the prize in 1966).