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Recently, researchers from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities in the United States have invented a cheaper, safer and simpler technology that can make a group of "stubborn" metals and metal oxides into thin films for many applications.
Electronic products, computer components and other applications
.
Many metals and their compounds must be made into thin films before they can be used in electronic products, displays, fuel cells, or catalytic applications
.
However, "stubborn" metals including platinum, iridium, ruthenium and tungsten are difficult to convert into thin films because they require extremely high temperatures (over 2000°C) to evaporate
.
Usually, scientists synthesize these thin metal films using techniques such as sputtering and electron beam evaporation
.
This traditional method is very expensive, consumes a lot of energy, and may be unsafe due to the high voltage required
.
Researchers have developed a method to evaporate these metals at lower temperatures (below 200°C)
.
By designing and adding organic ligands (a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms) to metals, researchers can greatly increase the vapor pressure of materials, making them easier to evaporate at lower temperatures
.