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The selection of wastewater treatment methods is mainly based on the type, nature, existence state of the pollutants in the wastewater, the quantity of wastewater, changes in water quality, and the degree of wastewater treatment to be achieved
.
For a single pollutant treatment, a treatment unit can be used, as shown in Table 1-6
Table 1-6 Treatment units that can be used for various pollutants
In practical engineering, due to the complex nature of sewage and wastewater, it may contain multiple pollutants.
Therefore, the processing process generally has several processing units
The following briefly introduces several typical wastewater treatment processes
.
(1) Organic wastewater
①Sewage wastewater contains suspended matter and organic matter, which can be treated by simple filtration and sedimentation methods and meet the basic requirements of primary discharge.
The primary treatment process is shown in Figure 1-7
.
②Sewage wastewater contains suspended solids and organic matter.
If the physical treatment method cannot completely remove the pollutants, the biological treatment method must be used to meet the discharge standards.
The secondary treatment process is shown in Figure 1-8
.
The primary treatment is used to remove suspended solids and sand, and the aerobic biological treatment is used to remove BOD and COD in sewage
Figure 1-8 Secondary treatment process flow
③Sewage wastewater contains not only suspended matter, organic matter, but also nitrogen and phosphorus.
Using secondary biological treatment, the effluent SS, BOD, COD can meet the discharge standards, but the nitrogen and phosphorus do not meet the standards.
In this case, additional processing units or Special process to remove nitrogen and phosphorus
Figure 1-10 Anaerobic-aerobic phosphorus removal process
④Sewage wastewater contains a high concentration of organic matter, which is a high-concentration organic wastewater.
If aerobic treatment is directly carried out, it consumes more energy and is not economical.
