Overview of New Technologies and New Processes for Sewage Wastewater Treatment

In recent years, new technologies including membrane treatment, photocatalytic oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, wet oxidation, sewage biological denitrification and phosphorus removal, sewage biological treatment, natural biological purification, sludge treatment, and pipeline water supply have emerged in the water treatment industry.
This book mainly introduces the above content
.

The new technologies or new systems that have emerged in the water treatment industry in recent years are as follows

(1) New low energy consumption integrated MBR engineering structure technology China's current sewage treatment mainly relies on the first and second generation technologies
.

The first generation of sewage treatment technology is the traditional activated sludge method, which has the advantages of low energy consumption and operating costs, but it occupies a large area, and the effluent quality is poor and unstable, which does not meet the requirements for reclaimed water reuse

(2) Low-cost and low-energy seawater desalination technology Sewage purification is a difficult and expensive process, especially for those developing countries where funds are scarce.
Therefore, a super cheap water purification technology has very broad prospects
.

In September 2015, researchers from Alexandria University in Egypt announced a new low-cost seawater desalination membrane technology with low membrane material prices and low energy consumption

(3) New aerobic technology With the continuous development of urban sewage treatment, the amount of sludge produced is also increasing, and the treatment situation is very severe
.

According to incomplete statistics, the annual output of sludge in China is more than 30 million tons, and it is increasing at an annual rate of 15%

Since 2012, Beijing Drainage Group began to track UTM ultra-high temperature biological drying technology, and it took two years from pilot test to actual engineering application
.

In the Shunyi sludge recycling project, the UTM ultra-high temperature biological drying process is adopted.

(4) Photocatalytic technology Among the traditional photocatalytic materials, titanium dioxide has attracted wide attention because of its advantages such as non-toxicity, good chemical stability, strong oxidation ability, and no secondary pollution
.

However, titanium dioxide has low solar energy absorption, poor separation and regeneration, and poor recycling performance, which limits its application

Photocatalysis using solar energy sources can generate highly active oxidative active species, fully oxidize organic pollutants, and is an effective degradation method with low cost
.

However, most of the photodegradable materials use ultraviolet light to act, so only 5% of the utilization rate when visible light reaches the ground

(5) Recycled powder activated carbon wastewater treatment technology Powder activated carbon is not a new technology to treat wastewater, but for large-scale application, the suspended solids in the wastewater must first be reduced, and the problem of small amount of water must be solved
.

The core and difficulty is how to reduce the cost of use

(6) American scientists developed a "drinkable book" that can filter 99% of bacteria in sewage.
The "drinkable book" of course does not mean that the book itself can be drunk, but that this book printed with water filtration methods and hygiene knowledge can filter fresh water.
Make it drinkable
.
"Drinkable Book" is a tool that combines a book and a filter developed by scientists from the University of Virginia and Carnegie Mellon University
.
Its book pages contain nano-silver ions, and harmful substances such as bacteria in the water will be adsorbed by the silver and copper ions in the paper when they penetrate the paper
.
A filter page can purify 100L of water
.
A "drinkable book" can meet a person's water needs for 4 years
.
After testing and filtering 25 contaminated water sources in South Africa, Ghana and Bangladesh, the book proved to be able to successfully filter out 99% of the bacteria in the sewage
.
According to the researchers, the filtered water is of similar quality to American standard tap water, with trace amounts of silver and copper ions entering the water during the filtration, but they all meet the standards
.

(7) A new generation of electro-adsorption technology helps zero discharge of chemical wastewater.
From June 10th to 12th, 2015, at the Shanghai International Water Show, the brand-new concept "E+Zero Discharge" technology attracted great attention and sensation
.
The "E+Zero Discharge" series process technology is based on contemporary advanced electrode materials, and integrates the current mature membrane treatment technology, biochemical treatment technology, evaporation technology, etc.
on the market to form a "1+N wastewater treatment technology system".
It is characterized by its expertise in the treatment of high-hardness and high-salt water.
It has the advantages of no need to soften and remove the hardness, simple treatment process, low water production cost, no secondary pollution, and wide application range
.
One of its biggest highlights is the greatly reduced "zero" emission costs compared to traditional processes
.
If the traditional RO+MVR technology is used to achieve "zero" emissions, the cost per ton of water treatment is as high as 9.
49 yuan, while the "E+Zero Discharge" process reduces the cost of ton water treatment to 3.
62 yuan, which is more than 60% lower than the traditional process
.
For high water consumption enterprises, the feasibility of implementing "zero" discharge of wastewater is greatly increased
.

(8) New pollution control method, micro-power investment, small land occupation, good effect, domestic sewage micro-power artificial ecological wetland treatment process is to conduct domestic sewage under the guidance of pipelines, flow through grid wells, anaerobic tanks, and aerobic tanks.
Go to the artificial wetland, that is, under the root system of plants such as canna
.
After the eutrophic molecules in the sewage are filtered through layers of gravel, they are finally absorbed by plants such as canna.
After a series of procedures, the domestic sewage can reach the first-level standard of the National Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard
.

(9) The scientific research team developed a green polymer buffer system.
The traditional pH buffer system is generally composed of easily soluble small molecule conjugated acid-base pairs
.
It can freely control the pH value of the solution and is widely used in industrial production, chemical analysis, biomedicine and environmental protection
.
However, there are a series of shortcomings, such as the difficulty in purification of the target product, and the difficult post-processing of waste liquid containing high-concentration buffers, which severely restricts its industrialization
.
Shanghai researchers have developed a polymer-supported pH buffer system that can be recycled and easily separated
.
They proposed the concept of a solid-phase buffer and designed a polymer-supported conjugated acid-base pair, which is completely insoluble in water or organic solvents, and the pH value of the solution is controlled through an ion exchange mechanism
.
The post-processing of this buffer system is very simple.
Only by filtering operation, the polymer-supported buffer can be completely separated from the solution, and the polymer pH buffer can be continuously recycled without treatment
.