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1.
Compounds with oxidation number +3
Alkaline Bi 2 O 3 is only soluble in acid, insoluble in water and alkali; amphoteric Sb 2 O 3 is hardly soluble in water, but easily soluble in acid and alkali; amphoteric acid As 2 O 3 is in alkali The solubility is greater
.
As 2 O 3, commonly known as arsenic , is a highly toxic substance
.
The solubility of As 2 O 3 in water is related to the concentration of acid in the solution
Arsenic and ladder with oxidation number +3 are strong reducing agents
.
As (Ⅲ) can be quantitatively oxidized by iodine in weak alkaline medium
NaH 2 AsO 3 +4NaOH+I 2 =Na 3 AsO 4 +2NaI+3H 2 O
Bi 3+ is difficult to be oxidized under acidic conditions and has reducibility under alkaline conditions
.
Bi 3+ also has a certain degree of oxidation under alkaline conditions and can be reduced by Sn 2+
2Bi 3+ + 3Sn 2+ + 18OH - = 2Bi +.
3 ↓ [of Sn (OH) .
6 ] 2-
2.
Compounds with oxidation number +5
The oxides of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth with an oxidation number of +5 are all acidic oxides, which react with water to form oxyacids or oxide hydrates, and their acidity decreases in the order of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
.
The molecular formula of the oxyacid of antimony (V) may be HSb(OH) 6 , which is a weak monobasic acid
.
The corresponding salts KSb(OH) 6 and NaSb(OH) 6 have been prepared with very low solubility
The inert electron pair effect makes Bi(V) very oxidizing, and Bi(V) oxyacid has not been prepared yet
.
The most important Bi(V) oxo acid salt is NaBiO 3 , brownish yellow, slightly soluble, and can be obtained by oxidizing Bi(III) with Cl 2 or NaCIO in alkaline medium
Bi(OH) 3 +Cl 2 +3NaOH=NaBiO 3 ↓+2NaCl+3H 2 O
In acidic media, arsenic (V), zinc (V), bismuth (V) oxyacids and their salts all have oxidizing properties
.
Arsenic acid and antimonic acid can oxidize HI to I 2
H 3 AsO 4 +2HI=H 3 AsO 3 +I 2 +H 2 O
But in neutral or alkaline medium, I 2 can oxidize arsenite to arsenate
Bi(V) compounds have strong oxidizing ability and can oxidize Mn 2+ to MnO 4 - under acidic conditions
2Mn 2+ + 5NaBiO .
This reaction can be used to qualitatively identify the presence or absence of Mn 2+ in the solution
Related links: arsenic, antimony, bismuth element and hydride
