Pesticides: fruitful product structure adjustment

After 70 years of development, domestic pesticide varieties have changed from 70% of pesticides to 31.
2%, 8.
8% and 60% of insecticides, bactericides and herbicides, respectively.
The proportion of high-residue pesticides in total pesticide production has dropped from more than 70%.
To less than 3%, environmentally friendly formulations are gradually becoming dominant-? The history of pesticide development in China is the epitome of a new path to industrialization with Chinese characteristics
.
Since the founding of New China, China's pesticide industry has gone through hard work, pioneering and enterprising, from scratch, from small to large, and has gone through three stages of start-up, adjustment, and development.
It has gone through a magnificent 70-year history and achieved brilliant achievements
.
At present, China has become the world's largest pesticide producer.
Not only can it produce more than 600 technical varieties, more than 1,000 formulations, and environmentally friendly pesticides have become the mainstream
.
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, China's pesticide production in 2018 was 2.
083 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 9.
5%; the main business income of the pesticide industry was 232.
4 billion yuan, an increase of 12.
9% year-on-year; profits were 22.
7 billion yuan, an increase of 37.
9% year-on-year; pesticide technical exports The delivery value was 47.
092 billion yuan, an increase of 18.
7% year-on-year.
? China's pesticide industry has gradually grown from scratch, mainly due to reform and opening up
.
The data provided by the China Pesticide Industry Association shows that in the early stage of reform and opening up, China's pesticide industry was relatively weak, with an annual output of about 530,000 tons, with fewer varieties and mainly highly toxic pesticides, and many pesticide varieties were dependent on imports
.
? Since the reform and opening up, China's pesticide industry has achieved rapid development.
The highlights are first of all scientific and technological innovation, technological progress, and continuous improvement of the pesticide creation system
.
In the early stage of reform and opening up, among the commonly used pesticide varieties in China, there were almost zero innovative products with independent intellectual property rights, and the proportion of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides was about 70%.
The pesticide industry was facing the dual pressure of intellectual property protection and environmental protection
.
? In 1993, China's new "Patent Law" and "Regulations on Administrative Protection of Agricultural Chemical Substance Products" were promulgated, ending the history of imitation in laws and regulations
.
At the same time, the state has listed the creation of new pesticides as a major project of the scientific and technological research plan
.
The fungicide flumorph is the crystallization of this plan, becoming China's first new pesticide variety with independent intellectual property rights, enabling China to achieve a "zero" breakthrough in pesticide creation
.
? During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, the state supported the establishment of the National Engineering Research Center for Pesticides (mainly relying on Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry and Nankai University) and the National Southern Pesticide Creation Center (mainly relying on Shanghai Pesticide Research Institute, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, etc.
).
The development and engineering research of new pesticides put China's pesticide creation on the right track
.
Companies such as Jiangsu Yangnong Co.
, Ltd.
, Sichuan Lier Chemical Co.
, Ltd.
, and Nantong Jiangshan Agrochemical Co.
, Ltd.
have also actively participated in the creation of pesticides, and China's pesticide research has gradually formed a new creation system
.
? For decades, China's pesticide industry has created 48 high-efficiency new varieties with independent intellectual property rights, such as flumorph, fluorophos, epoxifen, cyfluthrin, cymenstrobin, and zinc thiazole; R&D and promotion Key intermediates such as pyridine, chlorotrifluoromethylpyridine, and ethyl chloride, as well as new green technologies such as asymmetric chiral synthesis, catalytic hydrogenation, directional nitrification and chlorination, and biological resolution; construction of GLP system for pesticide safety evaluation Has been in line with international standards
.
? At present, China's new pesticide creation system has been continuously improved, and its innovation ability and competitiveness have been continuously improved.
It has become one of the few countries in the world that has the ability to create new pesticides
.
China's pesticide industry has formed a complete pesticide industrial system including the production of original drugs, preparation processing, scientific research and development, and raw material intermediates, and has become an important part of China's chemical industry
.
? Secondly, the industrial concentration has gradually increased over the past 40 years
.
After the publication of Document No.
39 of the State Council in 1998, China’s pesticide market was completely liberalized.
Under the dual effects of national policies, regulations and market mechanisms, the pace of mergers and reorganizations and shareholding reforms of pesticide companies accelerated, coupled with the entry of foreign capital, pesticide companies With the gradual transformation to grouping and large-scale operation, major changes have taken place in the industrial structure, the industrial concentration has gradually increased, and a number of large-scale enterprise groups with strong economic strength have emerged
.
For example, China National Chemical Corporation has successively merged Israel Maxim and Swiss Syngenta to become one of the world’s three major agrochemical giants, accelerating the pace of entering the global market.

.
? Finally, exports have grown substantially, and the right to speak in the international market has continued to increase
.
In 1994, China exported 47,700 tons of pesticides.
For the first time, exports exceeded imports.
Since then, it has maintained a strong growth momentum for many years
.
In 2017, China exported 1.
632 million tons of pesticides, with an export value of 4.
765 billion U.
S.
dollars, and the export volume was 34.
2 times that of 1994
.
At present, China has become a major exporter of pesticides in the world.
Nearly 70% of pesticide technicals in the global market are produced in China.
The voice of international commerce and commerce has continued to increase.
Pesticide exports basically cover the global pesticide market, and the total export volume accounts for 50% of China’s total pesticide production.
% Or so
.
In recent years, the proportion of China's pesticide technical exports has declined, while the proportion of preparation exports has continued to rise, and the structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded
.
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has continuously promoted the structural adjustment of pesticide products, and the proportion of high-toxic and high-residue pesticides in the total output of pesticides has dropped from more than 70% to less than 3%
.
The proportions of the three types of pesticides have become more reasonable.
From 70% of pesticides in the early stage of reform and opening up, the proportions of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides were adjusted to 31.
2%, 8.
8% and 60%, respectively.
They are efficient, safe and environmentally friendly.
The proportion of new types and new preparations has also increased significantly, and environmentally friendly preparations have gradually become the dominant dosage form
.