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Sodium carbonate
[Physical and chemical properties] Sodium carbonate, the chemical formula is Na 2 CO 3 , the relative molecular mass is 105.
Sodium carbonate is one of the important chemical raw materials, used to make chemicals, cleaning agents, detergents, and also used in photographic technology and pharmaceuticals
[Preparation]
(1) Reublin method
In 1791, salt, sulfuric acid, coal, and limestone were used as raw materials to produce sodium carbonate.
(2) Soxhlet system and subtraction
In 1859, Solvay in Belgium used salt, ammonia, and carbon dioxide as raw materials, and precipitated sodium bicarbonate from the solution at room temperature, and heated it to decompose it into sodium carbonate.
(3) Hou's Soda Method
In 1943, Hou Debang of China improved the Solvay process in light of the salt shortage in the Chinese mainland.
The preparation principle is:
This method retains the advantages of the ammonia-soda method, eliminates its shortcomings, and increases the utilization rate of salt to 96%; NH 4 CI can be used as nitrogen fertilizer; it can be combined with a synthetic ammonia plant to convert the raw gas CO of synthetic ammonia into CO 2
The characteristics and precautions of carbonate used as cleaning fluid are as follows
(1) Sodium carbonate is used to clean grease, which can loosen, disperse, emulsify and saponify grease
(2) At high temperature, sodium carbonate can convert the insoluble inorganic salt into carbonate, bicarbonate or sesquicarbonate that is easily soluble in acid and water
(3) Under the action of oxygen in the air, carbonate is beneficial to the passivation of certain metals
(4) Anhydrous sodium carbonate has strong hygroscopicity, and the product is easy to agglomerate
(5) Sodium carbonate is a polybasic acid salt, which has a certain buffering performance for the acidity and alkalinity of the solution, and has less corrosion to non-ferrous metals than sodium hydroxide
Related Links: Physical and Chemical Properties and Applications of Sodium Hydroxide
